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Toxocariasis is an illness of humans caused by the dog roundworm (Toxocara canis) and, less frequently, the cat roundworm (Toxocara cati). [1] These are the most common intestinal roundworms of dogs, coyotes, wolves and foxes and domestic cats, respectively. [2] Humans are among the many "accidental" or paratenic hosts of these roundworms. [3]
Toxocara canis (T. canis, also known as dog roundworm) is a worldwide-distributed helminth parasite that primarily infects dogs and other canids, but can also infect other animals including humans. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The name is derived from the Greek word toxon 'bow, quiver' and the Latin word caro 'flesh'. [ 3 ]
Toxocara canis adult worms. The Toxocaridae are a zoonotic family of parasitic nematodes that infect canids and felids and which cause toxocariasis in humans (visceral larva migrans and ocular larva migrans). [1] The worms are unable to reproduce in humans. Notable species include: Toxocara canis, which infects dogs.
Visceral toxocariasis typically occurs in children, but can infect persons of any age. Signs and symptoms can include fever, wheezing, hepatomegaly, abdominal pain, anorexia, or skin reaction. Rarely, the migrating larvae can cause eosinophilic meningitis or encephalitis, myelitis, optic neuritis, radiculitis, cranial nerve palsy, or myocarditis.
Ocular larva migrans (OLM), also known as ocular toxocariasis, is the ocular form of larva migrans syndrome.It occurs when roundworm larvae invade the human eye. OLM infections in humans are caused by the larvae of Toxocara canis (dog roundworm), Toxocara cati (feline roundworm), Ascaris suum (large roundworm of pig), or Baylisascaris procyonis (raccoon roundworm).
Nematodes causing such zoonotic infections are Baylisascaris procyonis, [2] Toxocara canis, [3] Toxocara cati, [3] and Ascaris suum. [4] These nematodes can infect but not mature in humans after migrating through the intestinal wall, travel with the bloodstream to various organs, and cause inflammation and damage.
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Toxocara canis or Toxocara cati: Toxocariasis (ocular larva migrans (OLM)) No Toxocara canis or Toxocara cati: Toxocariasis (visceral larva migrans (VLM)) No Toxoplasma gondii: Toxoplasmosis: No Chlamydia trachomatis: Trachoma: No Trichinella spiralis: Trichinosis: No Trichomonas vaginalis: Trichomoniasis: No Trichuris trichiura: Trichuriasis ...