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Nearly concurrently, J. F. Jarvis, C. N. Judice, and W. H. Ninke of Bell Labs disclosed a similar method, which they termed "minimized average error" using a larger kernel [3] 1 48 [ − − # 7 5 3 5 7 5 3 1 3 5 3 1 ] . {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{48}}{\begin{bmatrix}-&-&\#&7&5\\3&5&7&5&3\\1&3&5&3&1\end{bmatrix}}.}
The term dither was published in books on analog computation and hydraulically controlled guns shortly after World War II. [1] [2] [nb 1] Though he did not use the term dither, the concept of dithering to reduce quantization patterns was first applied by Lawrence G. Roberts [4] in his 1961 MIT master's thesis [5] and 1962 article. [6]
Adding an appropriate amount of dither during quantization prevents determinable errors correlated to the signal. If dither is not used then noise shaping effectively functions merely as distortion shaping — pushing the distortion energy around to different frequency bands, but it is still distortion. If dither is added to the process as
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POW-R (Psychoacoustically Optimized Wordlength Reduction) is a set of commercial dithering and noise shaping algorithms used in digital audio bit-depth reduction.Developed by a consortium of four companies – The POW-R Consortium – the algorithms were first made available in 1999 in digital audio hardware products.
Floyd–Steinberg dithering is an image dithering algorithm first published in 1976 by Robert W. Floyd and Louis Steinberg. It is commonly used by image manipulation software. For example when converting an image from a Truecolor 24-bit PNG format into a GIF format, which is restricted to a maximum of 256 colors.
Atkinson dithering is a variant of Floyd–Steinberg dithering designed by Bill Atkinson at Apple Computer, and used in the original Macintosh computer. Implementation
"Don't Let Him Waste Your Time" is a song by English singer and songwriter Jarvis Cocker. It was released as a first single from his debut solo album Jarvis on 8 January 2007, [ 1 ] reaching number 36 in the UK Singles Chart [ 2 ] and number 1 on the UK indie chart .