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A cave or cavern is a natural void in the ground, [1] [2] specifically a space large enough for a human to enter. Caves often form by the weathering of rock and often extend deep underground. The word cave can also refer to much smaller openings such as sea caves , rock shelters , and grottos , though strictly speaking a cave is exogene ...
Caving in a muddy section of Black Chasm Cave in California Stephens Gap, a vertical cave in Alabama. Caving, also known as spelunking (United States and Canada) and potholing (United Kingdom and Ireland), is the recreational pastime of exploring wild cave systems (as distinguished from show caves).
Main article: Anthodite A speleothem (cave formation) composed of long needle-like crystals situated in clusters which radiate outward from a common base. B Belly crawl A passage that is very low. Biospeleology Main article: Biospeleology A branch of biology dedicated to the study of organisms that live in caves and are collectively referred to as troglofauna. Boneyard An intricate maze of ...
Caves which extend further underground than the opening is wide are called endogene caves. [2] [3] Speleology is the science of exploration and study of all aspects of caves and the cave environment. Visiting or exploring caves for recreation may be called caving, potholing, or spelunking.
The Caves of Gondrani are locally known as Puraney Ghaar, simply translating to ‘Old Caves’. (Urdu: پرانے غار), [3] They are carved into solid conglomerate rocks [2] at several levels, and are connected by pathways. All the caves have small rooms with hearths and wall niches for lamps, along with verandahs or front porches. [3]
Speleology (from Ancient Greek σπήλαιον (spḗlaion) 'cave' and -λογία 'study of') is the scientific study of caves and other karst features, as well as their composition, structure, physical properties, history, ecology, and the processes by which they form (speleogenesis) and change over time (speleomorphology).
The caves are believed to be 2,400 years old and are adorned with murals from the Buddhist era. [1] The caves were first used by Buddhist monks for meditation, later by Hindu sadhus, and then by Muslim ascetics during the Mughal period. [1] The village of Shah Allah Ditta, where the caves are located, is named after a Mughal-era dervish. [2]
In summer, the cold cave air remains in place as the relatively warm surface air is lighter and cannot enter. The cave will only exchange air when the surface air is cooler than the cave air. Some cold traps may ensnare surface snow and shade it from the summer sun’s rays, which may further contribute to the colder cave temperature. [7]