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Uncertainty in the star's surface temperature, diameter, and distance make it difficult to achieve a precise measurement of Betelgeuse's luminosity, but research from 2012 quotes a luminosity of around 126,000 L ☉, assuming a distance of 200 pc. [142] Studies since 2001 report effective temperatures ranging from 3,250 to 3,690 K.
Main-sequence stars vary in surface temperature from approximately 2,000 to 50,000 K, whereas more-evolved stars – in particular, newly-formed white dwarfs – can have surface temperatures above 100,000 K. [3] Physically, the classes indicate the temperature of the star's atmosphere and are normally listed from hottest to coldest.
The outer atmosphere is inflated and tenuous, making the radius large and the surface temperature around 5,000 K [K] (4,700 °C; 8,500 °F) or lower. The appearance of the red giant is from yellow-white to reddish-orange, including the spectral types K and M, sometimes G, but also class S stars and most carbon stars .
Betelgeuse is one of the best-known stars in the night sky, as well as the easiest to find. ... Weather. 24/7 Help. ... By studying movements (like sound waves) on the surface of the star suggest ...
−119 [d] or ~R Betelgeuse: L/T eff & AD Widely recognised as being among the largest known stars. [21] Might be the largest star visible to the naked eye. [30] The higher radii estimate assume Mu Cephei is in the Cepheus OB2 OB association. [28] [31] Other sources suggest Mu Cephei and Betelgeuse are likely similar in properties.
Red supergiants develop deep convection zones reaching from the surface over halfway to the core and these cause strong enrichment of nitrogen at the surface, with some enrichment of heavier elements. [26] Some red supergiants undergo blue loops where they temporarily increase in temperature before returning to the red supergiant state. This ...
A B-type main-sequence star (B V) is a main-sequence (hydrogen-burning) star of spectral type B and luminosity class V. These stars have from 2 to 16 times the mass of the Sun and surface temperatures between 10,000 and 30,000 K. [1]
The temperature range of supergiant stars spans from about 3,400 K to over 20,000 K. ... The disc and atmosphere of Betelgeuse (ESO) ... Surface enhancement of helium ...