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A mastoidectomy is a procedure performed to remove the mastoid air cells [1] near the middle ear. The procedure is part of the treatment for mastoiditis, chronic suppurative otitis media or cholesteatoma. [2] Additionally, it is sometimes performed as part of other procedures, such as cochlear implants, [3] or to access the middle ear.
Cholesteatoma is a destructive and expanding growth consisting of keratinizing squamous epithelium in the middle ear and/or mastoid process. [1] [2] Cholesteatomas are not cancerous as the name may suggest, but can cause significant problems because of their erosive and expansile properties.
The endoscope allows the surgeon to look around the corners and to reach inaccessible areas like the sinus tympani through the ear canal. [9] Endoscopic ear surgery utilizes the ear canal as the access point for removal of cholesteatoma and therefore represent a minimally invasive alternative to traditional surgery that requires large incision ...
Mastoiditis is the result of an infection that extends to the air cells of the skull behind the ear. Specifically, it is an inflammation of the mucosal lining of the mastoid antrum and mastoid air cell system inside [1] the mastoid process. The mastoid process is the portion of the temporal bone of the skull that is behind
Whilst hearing loss is a common symptom in many diseases of the ear, for example in otosclerosis (abnormal bone growth in the ear), [3] the white, chalky patches on the tympanic membrane are fairly characteristic of tympanosclerosis. Cholesteatoma is similar in appearance but the whiteness is behind the tympanic membrane, rather than inside.
Endoscopic Middle Ear Surgery, 1999 Jan; 108(1):39-46; Endoscopic Management of Acquired Cholesteatoma,1997 Sep; 18(5):544-9; Comparison of short nozzle and long nozzle spray in sinonasal drug delivery: a cadaveric study; Ear, Nose & Throat, 2019; 10.1177; Feasibility and Safety of Transtympanic Balloon Dilatation of Eustachian Tube
If the patient fails first line antibiotics, then second-line therapies should be employed, especially after appropriate culture and sensitivity testing. Surgery may be required if there is extension into the mastoid bone, or if a concurrent cholesteatoma is identified during surgery or biopsy.
video link: Aural/Ear syringe: used to flush out anything like ear wax or foreign bodies from the external ear Toynbee's auscultation tube: Otoscope/Auriscope: to examine the external auditory canal and ear drum; used during aural toileting, removal of wax, myringotomy, stapedectomy and to dilate the stenosis of canal Mouth gag - •Doyen's ...