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Preformed vitamin A is fat-soluble and high levels have been reported to affect metabolism of the other fat-soluble vitamins D, [24] E, and K. The toxic effects of preformed vitamin A might be related to altered vitamin D metabolism, concurrent ingestion of substantial amounts of vitamin D, or binding of vitamin A to receptor heterodimers ...
A high capacity for long-term storage of retinol means that well-nourished humans can go months on a vitamin A-deficient diet, while maintaining blood levels in the normal range. [4] Only when the liver stores are nearly depleted will signs and symptoms of deficiency show. [4]
Toxicology. Causes. Excessive consumption of vitamins. Hypervitaminosis is a condition of abnormally high storage levels of vitamins, which can lead to various symptoms as over excitement, irritability, or even toxicity. Specific medical names of the different conditions are derived from the given vitamin involved: an excess of vitamin A, for ...
Megavitamin-B6 syndrome, also known as hypervitaminosis B6, vitamin B6 toxicity, and vitamin B6 excess, [a] is a medical condition characterized by adverse effects resulting from excessive intake of vitamin B 6. [1][2][22] Primarily affecting the nervous system, this syndrome manifests through symptoms such as peripheral sensory neuropathy ...
Retinol, also called vitamin A 1, is a fat-soluble vitamin in the vitamin A family that is found in food and used as a dietary supplement. [3] Retinol or other forms of vitamin A are needed for vision, cellular development, maintenance of skin and mucous membranes , immune function and reproductive development. [ 3 ]
Severe hypercalcaemia (above 15–16 mg/dL or 3.75–4 mmol/L) is considered a medical emergency: at these levels, coma and cardiac arrest can result. The high levels of calcium ions decrease the neuron membrane permeability to sodium ions, thus decreasing excitability, which leads to hypotonicity of smooth and striated muscle. This explains ...
Hyperphosphatemia. Hyperphosphatemia is an electrolyte disorder in which there is an elevated level of phosphate in the blood. [1] Most people have no symptoms while others develop calcium deposits in the soft tissue. [1] The disorder is often accompanied by low calcium blood levels, which can result in muscle spasms.
Hypersalivation. Other names. Ptyalism, [1] sialorrhea, [2] water brash. Specialty. Oral and maxillofacial surgery. Hypersalivation or hypersialosis is the excessive production of saliva. [3] It has also been defined as increased amount of saliva in the mouth, which may also be caused by decreased clearance of saliva. [4]