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  2. Sponge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sponge

    Unlike other animals, they lack true tissues [9] and organs. [10] Some of them are radially symmetrical, but most are asymmetrical. The shapes of their bodies are adapted for maximal efficiency of water flow through the central cavity, where the water deposits nutrients and then leaves through a hole called the osculum.

  3. Cnidaria - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cnidaria

    Cnidaria. Cnidaria (/ nɪˈdɛəriə, naɪ -/ nih-DAIR-ee-ə, NY-) [ 4 ] is a phylum under kingdom Animalia containing over 11,000 species [ 5 ] of aquatic animals found both in fresh water and marine environments (predominantly the latter), including jellyfish, hydroids, sea anemones, corals and some of the smallest marine parasites.

  4. Endosperm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endosperm

    The endosperm is a tissue produced inside the seeds of most of the flowering plants following double fertilization. It is triploid (meaning three chromosome sets per nucleus) in most species, [1] which may be auxin -driven. [2] It surrounds the embryo and provides nutrition in the form of starch, though it can also contain oils and protein.

  5. Fertilisation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertilisation

    This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 26 August 2024. Union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote This article is about fertilisation in animals and plants. For fertilisation in humans specifically, see Human fertilization. For soil improvement, see Fertilizer. "Conceive" redirects here. For ...

  6. Nutrient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutrient

    Nutrient. A nutrient is a substance used by an organism to survive, grow and reproduce. The requirement for dietary nutrient intake applies to animals, plants, fungi and protists. Nutrients can be incorporated into cells for metabolic purposes or excreted by cells to create non-cellular structures such as hair, scales, feathers, or exoskeletons.

  7. Trophoblast - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trophoblast

    The syncytiotrophoblast is in direct contact with the maternal blood that reaches the placental surface. It then facilitates the exchange of nutrients, wastes and gases between the maternal and fetal systems. In addition, cytotrophoblasts in the tips of villi can differentiate into another type of trophoblast called the extravillous trophoblast ...

  8. Animal nutrition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_nutrition

    Proteins are the basis of many animal body structures (e.g. muscles, skin, and hair). They also form the enzymes which control chemical reactions throughout the body. Each molecule is composed of amino acids which are characterized by the inclusion of nitrogen and sometimes sulfur. The body requires amino acids to produce new proteins (protein ...

  9. Seed - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seed

    In botany, a seed is a plant embryo and food reserve enclosed in a protective outer covering called a seed coat (testa). More generally, the term "seed" means anything that can be sown, which may include seed and husk or tuber. Seeds are the product of the ripened ovule, after the embryo sac is fertilized by sperm from pollen, forming a zygote.