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3 Among 25-64 year-olds, including associate, bachelor and graduate degrees. Education in China is primarily managed by the state-run public education system, which falls under the Ministry of Education. All citizens must attend school for a minimum of nine years, known as nine-year compulsory education, which is funded by the government.
Chinese education authorities have emphasized meritocracy as a social equalizer. [2] There are 13 statutory types of academic degrees in China: Bachelor / Master / Doctor of Philosophy, Economics, Law, Education, Literature, History, Science, Engineering, Agriculture, Medicine, Management, Military Science, and Fine Arts.
In Kenya, for K-12 education, the calendar year starts in January and ends in November. The academic year is divided into 3 terms as follows: Term 1: Early January – Late March. Term 2: Early May – Late July. Term 3: Early September – Early/Mid November. April, August and December are usually school holidays.
Compulsory education is the beginning of students' education (including ideological and intellectual aspects) and is closely related to the People's Republic of China's literacy campaign. Through this stage of the study, students can acquire basic survival skills. Free primary and secondary education is for public schools only.
After the success of the Chinese Communist Revolution and the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the CCP brought the educational system under national control. Improving population-wide literacy was the focus of education in the early years of the PRC. [12] In 1949, the literacy rate was only between 20 and 40%. [12]
In 2006, a record high of 9.5 million people applied for tertiary education entry in China. Of these, 8.8 million (93%) took the national entrance exam and 27,600 (0.28%) were exempted ( 保送 ) if the students demonstrate exceptional merit in the quality of their work and understanding of the academic subject.
The history of higher education in China dates back to the Shang dynasty (c. 1600 BC– c. 1045 BC). However, the education system in ancient China was highly elitist and centred around Confucianism, a form of humanism. Under the imperial examination system, the education system focused on training and selection of civil servants. [5]
Public schools in China are administered by the National Ministry of Education.Whilst the Ministry supervises general guidelines such as staff recruitment, national budgets and formal examinations, specific regulations directly correlated to each public school are managed by their District and Provincial Commissions of Education (Chan, 2019).