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The phrase spin quantum number refers to quantized spin angular momentum. The symbol s is used for the spin quantum number, and m s is described as the spin magnetic quantum number [3] or as the z-component of spin s z. [4] Both the total spin and the z-component of spin are quantized, leading to two quantum numbers spin and spin magnet quantum ...
In quantum physics and chemistry, quantum numbers are quantities that characterize the possible states of the system. To fully specify the state of the electron in a hydrogen atom, four quantum numbers are needed. The traditional set of quantum numbers includes the principal, azimuthal, magnetic, and spin quantum numbers. To describe other ...
Term symbol. In atomic physics, a term symbol is an abbreviated description of the total spin and orbital angular momentum quantum numbers of the electrons in a multi-electron atom. So while the word symbol suggests otherwise, it represents an actual value of a physical quantity. For a given electron configuration of an atom, its state depends ...
Spin (physics) Spin is an intrinsic form of angular momentum carried by elementary particles, and thus by composite particles such as hadrons, atomic nuclei, and atoms. [1][2]: 183 –184 Spin is quantized, and accurate models for the interaction with spin require relativistic quantum mechanics or quantum field theory.
Hund's rules. In atomic physics and quantum chemistry, Hund's rules refers to a set of rules that German physicist Friedrich Hund formulated around 1925, which are used to determine the term symbol that corresponds to the ground state of a multi-electron atom. The first rule is especially important in chemistry, where it is often referred to ...
The general form of wavefunction for a system of particles, each with position r i and z-component of spin s z i. Sums are over the discrete variable s z , integrals over continuous positions r . For clarity and brevity, the coordinates are collected into tuples, the indices label the particles (which cannot be done physically, but is ...
The quantization of the electromagnetic field is a procedure in physics turning Maxwell's classical electromagnetic waves into particles called photons. Photons are massless particles of definite energy, definite momentum, and definite spin. To explain the photoelectric effect, Albert Einstein assumed heuristically in 1905 that an ...
t. e. In quantum mechanics, spin is an intrinsic property of all elementary particles. All known fermions, the particles that constitute ordinary matter, have a spin of 1 2 . [1][2][3] The spin number describes how many symmetrical facets a particle has in one full rotation; a spin of 1 2 means that the particle must be rotated ...