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Urea cycle. The urea cycle (also known as the ornithine cycle) is a cycle of biochemical reactions that produces urea (NH 2) 2 CO from ammonia (NH 3). Animals that use this cycle, mainly amphibians and mammals, are called ureotelic. The urea cycle converts highly toxic ammonia to urea for excretion. [1] This cycle was the first metabolic cycle ...
Ammonia forms 1:1 adducts with a variety of Lewis acids such as I 2, phenol, and Al(CH 3) 3. Ammonia is a hard base (HSAB theory) and its E & C parameters are E B = 2.31 and C B = 2.04. Its relative donor strength toward a series of acids, versus other Lewis bases, can be illustrated by C-B plots .
In the original 1952 experiment, methane (CH 4), ammonia (NH 3), and hydrogen (H 2) were all sealed together in a 2:2:1 ratio (1 part H 2) inside a sterile 5-L glass flask connected to a 500-mL flask half-full of water (H 2 O). The gas chamber was intended to represent Earth's prebiotic atmosphere, while the water simulated an ocean. The water ...
The Haber process, [1] also called the Haber–Bosch process, is the main industrial procedure for the production of ammonia. [2][3] It converts atmospheric nitrogen (N 2) to ammonia (NH 3) by a reaction with hydrogen (H 2) using a finely divided iron metal catalyst: This reaction is slightly favorable in terms of enthalpy, but is disfavored in ...
Recent studies indicate a hydrological cycle of water-ammonia vastly different to the type operating on terrestrial planets like Earth [18] and also a cycle of hydrogen sulfide. [19] Significant chemical cycles exist on Jupiter's moons. Recent evidence points to Europa possessing several active cycles, most notably a water cycle. [20]
Ammonia solution, also known as ammonia water, ammonium hydroxide, ammoniacal liquor, ammonia liquor, aqua ammonia, aqueous ammonia, or (inaccurately) ammonia, is a solution of ammonia in water. It can be denoted by the symbols NH 3 (aq). Although the name ammonium hydroxide suggests a salt with the composition [NH+4] [OH−], it is actually ...
Infobox references. Ammonium is a modified form of ammonia that has an extra hydrogen atom. It is a positively charged (cationic) molecular ion with the chemical formula NH+ 4 or [NH4]+. It is formed by the addition of a proton (a hydrogen nucleus) to ammonia (NH3).
On Earth, common H-containing inorganic molecules include water (H 2 O), hydrogen gas (H 2), methane (CH 4), hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), and ammonia (NH 3). Many organic compounds also contain H atoms, such as hydrocarbons and organic matter .