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Aluminium hydroxide, Al (OH)3, is found in nature as the mineral gibbsite (also known as hydrargillite) and its three much rarer polymorphs: bayerite, doyleite, and nordstrandite. Aluminium hydroxide is amphoteric, i.e., it has both basic and acidic properties. Closely related are aluminium oxide hydroxide, AlO (OH), and aluminium oxide or ...
Bayer process. The Bayer process is the principal industrial means of refining bauxite to produce alumina (aluminium oxide) and was developed by Carl Josef Bayer. Bauxite, the most important ore of aluminium, contains only 30–60% aluminium oxide (Al 2 O 3), the rest being a mixture of silica, various iron oxides, and titanium dioxide. [1]
Gibbsite. Gibbsite, Al (OH) 3, is one of the mineral forms of aluminium hydroxide. It is often designated as γ-Al (OH) 3[2]: 2 (but sometimes as α-Al (OH) 3[3]). It is also sometimes called hydrargillite (or hydrargyllite). Gibbsite is an important ore of aluminium in that it is one of three main phases that make up the rock bauxite.
Hall–Héroult process. The Hall–Héroult process is the major industrial process for smelting aluminium. It involves dissolving aluminium oxide (alumina) (obtained most often from bauxite, aluminium 's chief ore, through the Bayer process) in molten cryolite and electrolyzing the molten salt bath, typically in a purpose-built cell.
v. t. e. The flux method is a crystal growth method where starting materials are dissolved in a solvent (flux), and are precipitated out to form crystals of a desired compound. The flux lowers the melting point of the desired compound, analogous to a wet chemistry recrystallization. [1] The flux is molten in a highly stable crucible that does ...
Diaspore (/ ˈdaɪ.əˌspɔːr /) – also called diasporite, empholite, kayserite, or tanatarite – is an aluminium hydroxide oxide mineral, α-AlO (OH), crystallizing in the orthorhombic system and isomorphous with goethite. It occurs sometimes as flattened crystals, but usually as lamellar or scaly masses, the flattened surface being a ...
Boehmite or böhmite is an aluminium oxide hydroxide (γ-AlO (OH)) mineral, a component of the aluminium ore bauxite. It is dimorphous with diaspore. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic dipyramidal system and is typically massive in habit. It is white with tints of yellow, green, brown or red due to impurities.
Friedel's salt is a layered double hydroxide (LDH) of general formula: or more explicitly for a positively-charged LDH mineral: or by directly incorporating water molecules into the Ca,Al hydroxide layer: where chloride and hydroxide anions occupy the interlayer to compensate the excess of positive charges.