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The result of applying one mutation operator to the program is called a mutant. If the test suite is able to detect the change (i.e. one of the tests fails), then the mutant is said to be killed. For example, consider the following C++ code fragment:
In C++, the C++20 revision adds the spaceship operator <=>, which returns a value that encodes whether the 2 values are equal, less, greater, or unordered and can return different types depending on the strictness of the comparison. [3] The name's origin is due to it reminding Randal L. Schwartz of the spaceship in an HP BASIC Star Trek game. [4]
The ANSI C committee invented trigraphs as a way of entering source code using keyboards that support any version of the ISO 646 character set. [ 1 ] With the widespread adoption of ASCII and Unicode / UTF-8 , trigraph use is limited today, and trigraph support has been removed from C as of C23.
The subroutine uses the following commands: DUP duplicates the number on the stack; 6 pushes a 6 on top of the stack; < compares the top two numbers on the stack (6 and the DUPed input), and replaces them with a true-or-false value; IF takes a true-or-false value and chooses to execute commands immediately after it or to skip to the ELSE; DROP ...
The stack is often used to store variables of fixed length local to the currently active functions. Programmers may further choose to explicitly use the stack to store local data of variable length. If a region of memory lies on the thread's stack, that memory is said to have been allocated on the stack, i.e. stack-based memory allocation (SBMA).
The C++ Standard Library is based upon conventions introduced by the Standard Template Library (STL), and has been influenced by research in generic programming and developers of the STL such as Alexander Stepanov and Meng Lee. [4] [5] Although the C++ Standard Library and the STL share many features, neither is a strict superset of the other.
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The second way leaves a computed value on the data stack, duplicating it as needed. This uses operations to copy stack entries. The stack must be depth shallow enough for the CPU's available copy instructions. Hand-written stack code often uses this approach, and achieves speeds like general-purpose register machines.