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The style is most commonly used to represent the number sets (natural numbers), , (rational numbers), (real numbers), and (complex numbers). To imitate a bold typeface on a typewriter , a character can be typed over itself (called double-striking ); [ 1 ] symbols thus produced are called double-struck , and this name is sometimes adopted for ...
A complex number can be visually represented as a pair of numbers (a, b) forming a vector on a diagram called an Argand diagram, representing the complex plane. Re is the real axis, Im is the imaginary axis, and i is the "imaginary unit", that satisfies i 2 = −1.
R – real numbers. ran – range of a function. rank – rank of a matrix. (Also written as rk.) Re – real part of a complex number. [2] (Also written.) resp – respectively. RHS – right-hand side of an equation. rk – rank. (Also written as rank.) RMS, rms – root mean square. rng – non-unital ring. rot – rotor of a vector field.
2. Denotes that a number is positive and is read as plus. Redundant, but sometimes used for emphasizing that a number is positive, specially when other numbers in the context are or may be negative; for example, +2. 3. Sometimes used instead of for a disjoint union of sets. − 1.
Algebraic number: Any number that is the root of a non-zero polynomial with rational coefficients. Transcendental number: Any real or complex number that is not algebraic. Examples include e and π. Trigonometric number: Any number that is the sine or cosine of a rational multiple of π.
It may be preferable to avoid the need for emphasis by rewriting a sentence more explicitly. Use of emphasis more than once in a sentence is rarely helpful to readers, unless the emphasized terms are being directly compared (more often a words-as-words case for regular italics). See also: § Quotations, below.