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The geology of Kentucky formed beginning more than one billion years ago, in the Proterozoic eon of the Precambrian. The oldest igneous and metamorphic crystalline basement rock is part of the Grenville Province, a small continent that collided with the early North American continent.
The Lexington Limestone is a prominent geologic formation that constitutes a large part of the late Ordovician bedrock of the inner Bluegrass region in Kentucky.Named after the city of Lexington, the geologic formation has heavily influenced both the surface topography and economy of the region.
The Kope Formation is one of the three component bedrock formations of the Maquoketa Group that primarily consists of shale (75%) with some limestone (25%) interbedded. In general, it has a bluish-gray color that weathers light gray to yellowish-gray and it occurs in northern Kentucky, southwest Ohio, and southeast Indiana, United States.
Geological map of Mammoth Cave National Park, incl. St. Louis Limestone Outcrops of the St. Louis Limestone near Frenchburg, Kentucky. The St. Louis Limestone is a large geologic formation covering a wide area of the midwest of the United States. It is named after an exposure at St. Louis, Missouri.
The Kentucky River Palisades is a cliff-lined entrenched meander.The meanders originally formed on the Lexington Peneplain.As sea-level lowered during the Quaternary Period, base level lowered and the meander-form river eroded downward into Ordovician-age limestones, shales, and dolomites in the Central Bluegrass Region.
The Tyrone Limestone is a geologic formation in Kentucky. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period. The formation is predominantly limestone and shale.
Fossils from the Ordovician are commonplace in the geologic formations which make up the Cincinnati Arch and are commonly studied along man made roadcuts. The Nashville Dome of Tennessee and the Jessamine Dome or Lexington Dome [ 1 ] of central Kentucky make up the central portion of the arch.
Like the Cretaceous, the geologic record of Kentucky contains deposits left on both land and sea during the Tertiary. [4] Also like the Cretaceous, Kentucky preserves plant fossils from this age. [4] Kentucky's Tertiary flora left behind fossil fruits, cones, flower petals and stems in places like Ballard, Graves, and Fulton Counties.