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Rational egoism (also called rational selfishness) is the principle that an action is rational if and only if it maximizes one's self-interest. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] As such, it is considered a normative form of egoism , [ 3 ] though historically has been associated with both positive and normative forms. [ 4 ]
Ego psychology is a school of psychoanalysis rooted in Sigmund Freud's structural id-ego-superego model of the mind. An individual interacts with the external world as well as responds to internal forces. Many psychoanalysts use a theoretical construct called the ego to explain how that is done through various ego functions.
Originally, Freud used the word ego to mean the sense of self, but later expanded it to include psychic functions such as judgment, tolerance, reality testing, control, planning, defense, synthesis of information, intellectual functioning, and memory. The ego is the organizing principle upon which thoughts and interpretations of the world are ...
Dmitry Ivanovich Pisarev, [25] a Russian literary critic and philosopher of nihilism and rational egoism; Ayn Rand, [24] who supported an egoistic model of capitalist self-incentive and selfishness [26] Max Stirner, whose views were described by John F. Welsh as "dialectical egoism" [27] Benjamin Tucker, an American egoist anarchist
The Ego and the Id develops a line of reasoning as a groundwork for explaining various (or perhaps all) psychological conditions, pathological and non-pathological alike. . These conditions result from powerful internal tensions—for example: 1) between the ego and the id, 2) between the ego and the super ego, and 3) between the love-instinct and the death-insti
The Ego is a person's "self" composed of unconscious desires. The Ego takes into account ethical and cultural ideals in order to balance out the desires originating in the Id. Although both the Id and the Ego are unconscious, the Ego has close contact with the perceptual system. The Ego has the function of self-preservation, which is why it has ...
Psychological egoism is the view that humans are always motivated by self-interest and selfishness, even in what seem to be acts of altruism.It claims that, when people choose to help others, they do so ultimately because of the personal benefits that they themselves expect to obtain, directly or indirectly, from doing so.
Loevinger's stages of ego development are proposed by developmental psychologist Jane Loevinger (1918–2008) and conceptualize a theory based on Erik Erikson's psychosocial model and the works of Harry Stack Sullivan (1892–1949) in which "the ego was theorized to mature and evolve through stages across the lifespan as a result of a dynamic interaction between the inner self and the outer ...