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In algebra, the greatest common divisor (frequently abbreviated as GCD) of two polynomials is a polynomial, of the highest possible degree, that is a factor of both the two original polynomials. This concept is analogous to the greatest common divisor of two integers.
If one uses the Euclidean algorithm and the elementary algorithms for multiplication and division, the computation of the greatest common divisor of two integers of at most n bits is O(n 2). This means that the computation of greatest common divisor has, up to a constant factor, the same complexity as the multiplication.
Gauss's lemma underlies all the theory of factorization and greatest common divisors of such polynomials. Gauss's lemma asserts that the product of two primitive polynomials is primitive. (A polynomial with integer coefficients is primitive if it has 1 as a greatest common divisor of its coefficients. [note 2])
where gcd denotes the greatest common divisor of the leading monomials of f and g. As the monomials that are reducible by both f and g are exactly the multiples of lcm, one can deal with all cases of non-uniqueness of the reduction by considering only the S-polynomials. This is a fundamental fact for Gröbner basis theory and all algorithms for ...
A primitive monomial is a special case of a monomial in this second sense, where the coefficient is . For example, in this interpretation − 7 x 5 {\displaystyle -7x^{5}} and ( 3 − 4 i ) x 4 y z 13 {\displaystyle (3-4i)x^{4}yz^{13}} are monomials (in the second example, the variables are x , y , z , {\displaystyle x,y,z,} and the coefficient ...
Degree: The maximum exponents among the monomials. Factor: An expression being multiplied. Linear factor: A factor of degree one. Coefficient: An expression multiplying one of the monomials of the polynomial. Root (or zero) of a polynomial: Given a polynomial p(x), the x values that satisfy p(x) = 0 are called roots (or zeroes) of the polynomial p.
As the computation of greatest common divisors is generally much easier than polynomial factorization, the first step of a polynomial factorization algorithm is generally the computation of its primitive part–content factorization (see Factorization of polynomials § Primitive part–content factorization). Then the factorization problem is ...
The greatest common divisor g of a and b is the unique (positive) common divisor of a and b that is divisible by any other common divisor c. [6] The greatest common divisor can be visualized as follows. [7] Consider a rectangular area a by b, and any common divisor c that divides both a and b exactly.