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Ę (minuscule: ę; Polish: e z ogonkiem, "e with a little tail"; Lithuanian: e nosinė, "nasal e") is a letter in the Polish, Lithuanian, and Dalecarlian alphabets. It is also used in Navajo to represent the nasal vowel [ẽ] and Kensiu to represent the near-open near-front unrounded vowel [e̝] .
The Polish alphabet (Polish: alfabet polski, abecadło) is the script of the Polish language, the basis for the Polish system of orthography. It is based on the Latin alphabet but includes certain letters (9) with diacritics : the acute accent – kreska : ć, ń, ó, ś, ź ; the overdot – kropka : ż ; the tail or ogonek – ą, ę ; and ...
This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Polish on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Polish in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them.
The language is written using the Polish alphabet, which derives from the Latin alphabet, but includes some additional letters with diacritics. [ 1 ] : 6 The orthography is mostly phonetic, or rather phonemic—the written letters (or combinations of them) correspond in a consistent manner to the sounds, or rather the phonemes , of spoken Polish.
This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA . For the distinction between [ ] , / / and , see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters .
Nasal vowels *ę and *ǫ of late Proto-Slavic merged (*ę leaving a trace by palatalizing the preceding consonant) to become the medieval Polish vowel /ã/, written ø. Like other Polish vowels, it developed long and short variants. The short variant developed into present-day /ɛ̃/ ę, while the long form became /ɔ̃/, written ą, as ...
In pronunciation, the Church Cyrillic letter big yus (Ѫ ѫ) corresponds to the pronunciation of the Polish ą. However, it is little yus (Ѧ ѧ), which is phonetically similar to ę and, more importantly, shares visual resemblances with the Latin alphabet initial letter (A, a) plus an ogonek , that some believe led to ogonek's introduction.
The letters ą and ę were taken from the Polish spelling for what at the time were nasal vowels. They were first used by Renaissance Lithuanian writers. Later the letters į and ų were introduced for the remaining nasal vowels, which have since denasalized. [3] [5] Letter ū is the latest addition by linguist Jonas Jablonskis. [3] [5]