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1774 – Charles Mason: Conducts an experiment near the Scottish mountain of Schiehallion that attempts to measure the mean density of the Earth for the first time. Known as the Schiehallion experiment. 1796 – Edward Jenner: tests the first vaccine. 1798 – Henry Cavendish: Torsion bar experiment to measure Newton's gravitational constant.
The experiments of Antoine Lavoisier (1743–1794), a French chemist regarded as the founder of modern chemistry, were among the first to be truly quantitative. Lavoisier showed that although matter changes its state in a chemical reaction , the quantity of matter is the same at the end as at the beginning of every chemical reaction.
Benjamin Libet's experiment on free will shows that a readiness potential appears before the notion of doing the task enters conscious experience, sparking debate about the illusory nature of free will yet again. (1983) Vilayanur S. Ramachandran's experiment on phantom limbs with the Mirror Box throw light on the nature of 'learned paralysis ...
11th century: Shen Kuo discovers atmospheric refraction and provides the correct explanation of rainbow phenomenon [citation needed] 11th century: Shen Kuo discovers the concepts of true north and magnetic declination. 11th century: Shen Kuo develops the field of geomorphology and natural climate change. 1000: Al-Karaji uses mathematical ...
The history of science covers the development of ... thereby providing a historical origin with an explanation. ... History of science policy; List of experiments;
The experiment became a popular way to illustrate the principles of air pressure, and many smaller copies of the hemispheres were made, and are used to this day in science classes. Reenactments of von Guericke's experiment of 1654 are performed in locations around the world by the Otto von Guericke Society.
2009 – Robot Scientist (also known as Adam) is created, the first machine in history to have discovered new scientific knowledge independently of its human creators. [38] 2012 – Constructor theory, a proposal for a new mode of explanation in fundamental physics, is sketched out by the British physicist David Deutsch. [39]
The history of scientific method considers changes in the methodology of scientific inquiry, as distinct from the history of science itself. The development of rules for scientific reasoning has not been straightforward; scientific method has been the subject of intense and recurring debate throughout the history of science, and eminent natural philosophers and scientists have argued for the ...