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Δ-8-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-8-THC, [a] Δ 8-THC) is a psychoactive cannabinoid found in the cannabis plant. [1] It is an isomer of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-9-THC, Δ 9-THC), the compound commonly known as THC, with which it co-occurs in hemp; natural quantities of ∆ 8-THC found in hemp are low.
Hexahydrocannabinol (HHC) is a hydrogenated derivative of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). It is a naturally occurring phytocannabinoid that has rarely been identified as a trace component in Cannabis sativa, [1] [2] but can also be produced synthetically by firstly acid cyclization of cannabidiol and then hydrogenation of tetrahydrocannabinol.
Like Δ9-THC and Δ8-THC, HHC is processed by cytochrome p450 (CYP3A4, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19) to a series of oxygenated derivatives, some of which maintain activity. [1] While 11-OH-HHC and its downstream products are the major metabolites of HHC metabolism, hydroxylation at C8 plays a varyingly significant role in animal species.
HHC-P is a partial agonist of the CB1 receptors with an EC50 of 44.4nM for 9R-HHCP and 134nM for 9S-HHCP. Compared to Hexahydrocannabinol (HHC) with an EC50 of 101nM for 9R-HHC and 1,190nM for 9S-HHC [5] In 2021, HHC-P was positively identified in multiple retail electronic vaping products in the United States.
[1] It retains psychoactive effects in animal studies with higher potency than Δ 8 -THC but lower potency than 11-OH-Δ 9 -THC . With widespread legal use of semi-synthetic Δ 8 -THC in certain jurisdictions where Δ 9 -THC remains illegal, 11-OH-Δ 8 -THC is now an important metabolite for distinguishing between use of hemp-derived Δ 8 -THC ...
Additionally in 2018 the farm bill legalized a broad definition of hemp to include "all cannabinoids" and "all derivatives" derived from hemp which federal courts in the United States have held up as including the conversion of D8-THC to D8-THC-O-Acetate as long as the starting material was sourced from legal hemp under 0.3% D9-THC. [16] [17]
A 2014 case study based on the toxicology reports and relative testimony in two separate cases gave the median lethal dose in humans at 30 mg/kg (2.1 grams THC for a person who weighs 70 kg; 154 lb; 11 stone), observing cardiovascular death in the one otherwise healthy subject of the two cases studied. [19]
Hexahydrocannabutol (HHCB, HHC-B) is a semi-synthetic cannabinoid derivative, the hydrogenated derivative of tetrahydrocannabutol (THCB). It was first synthesised by Roger Adams in 1942 and produces only weak cannabinoid-like effects in animals. [ 1 ]