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  2. Imputation (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imputation_(statistics)

    Mean imputation can be carried out within classes (i.e. categories such as gender), and can be expressed as ^ = ¯ where ^ is the imputed value for record and ¯ is the sample mean of respondent data within some class . This is a special case of generalized regression imputation:

  3. Predictive mean matching - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predictive_mean_matching

    Predictive mean matching (PMM) [1] is a widely used [2] statistical imputation method for missing values, first proposed by Donald B. Rubin in 1986 [3] and R. J. A. Little in 1988. [ 4 ] It aims to reduce the bias introduced in a dataset through imputation, by drawing real values sampled from the data. [ 5 ]

  4. Horvitz–Thompson estimator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horvitz–Thompson_estimator

    In statistics, the Horvitz–Thompson estimator, named after Daniel G. Horvitz and Donovan J. Thompson, [1] is a method for estimating the total [2] and mean of a pseudo-population in a stratified sample by applying inverse probability weighting to account for the difference in the sampling distribution between the collected data and the target population.

  5. Bootstrapping (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bootstrapping_(statistics)

    GPR is a Bayesian non-linear regression method. A Gaussian process (GP) is a collection of random variables, any finite number of which have a joint Gaussian (normal) distribution. A GP is defined by a mean function and a covariance function, which specify the mean vectors and covariance matrices for each finite collection of the random variables.

  6. Data analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_analysis

    The quality of the data should be checked as early as possible. Data quality can be assessed in several ways, using different types of analysis: frequency counts, descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, median), normality (skewness, kurtosis, frequency histograms), normal imputation is needed. [111]

  7. Arta Finance is a digital wealth management service that offers exclusive financial strategies, primarily serving affluent individuals and accredited investors. One of their aims is to democratize ...

  8. Matrix completion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_completion

    Matrix completion is the task of filling in the missing entries of a partially observed matrix, which is equivalent to performing data imputation in statistics. A wide range of datasets are naturally organized in matrix form.

  9. Planning to Work While Claiming Social Security Early? Brace ...

    www.aol.com/planning-while-claiming-social...

    These strategies work well for some people. But for a certain group of workers, claiming Social Security while working comes with a hidden cost. Two businesspeople discussing something in an office.