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The red reflex (also called the fundal reflex) refers to the reddish-orange reflection of light from the back of the eye, or fundus, observed when using an ophthalmoscope or retinoscope. The red reflex may be absent or poorly visible in people with dark eyes, and may even appear yellow in Asians or green/blue in Africans. [1]
While moving the streak or spot of light through the pupil across the retina, the examiner observes the relative movement of the reflex or manually places lenses over the eye (using a phoropter or trial frame and trial lenses) to "neutralize" the reflex. [2] Static retinoscopy is a type of retinoscopy used in determining a patient's refractive ...
In the fields of optometry and ophthalmology, the Hirschberg test, also Hirschberg corneal reflex test, is a screening test that can be used to assess whether a person has strabismus (ocular misalignment). A photographic version of the Hirschberg test is used to quantify strabismus. [1]
The optokinetic reflex (OKR), also referred to as the optokinetic response, or optokinetic nystagmus (OKN), is a compensatory reflex that supports visual image stabilization. [1] The purpose of OKR is to prevent motion blur on the retina that would otherwise occur when an animal moves its head or navigates through its environment.
Confrontation visual field testing is an important part of a routine ophthalmological or neurological examination. It can be used for rapid and gross assessment of large-scale visual field problems due to ophthalmological or neurological diseases, such as homonymous and heteronymous hemianopias, quadranopsia, altitudinal visual loss, central/centrocecal scotoma etc. [1] [2] Test using a red ...
All newborns should have screening eye examinations, including an evaluation of the red reflexes. The red reflex test is best performed in a darkened room and involves shining a bright direct ophthalmoscope into both eyes simultaneously from a distance of 1– 2 ft. This test can be used for routine ocular screening by nurses, pediatricians ...
For an adequate test, vision must not be entirely lost. In dim room light, the examiner notes the size of the pupils. The patient is asked to gaze into the distance, and the examiner swings the beam of a penlight back and forth from one pupil to the other, and observes the size of pupils and reaction in the eye that is lit.
On photographs taken using a flash, instead of the familiar red-eye effect, leukocoria can cause a bright white reflection in an affected eye. Leukocoria may appear also in low indirect light, similar to eyeshine. Leukocoria can be detected by a routine eye exam (see Ophthalmoscopy). For screening purposes, the red reflex test is used.