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  2. Cell signaling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_signaling

    The signal transduction component labeled as "MAPK" in the pathway was originally called "ERK," so the pathway is called the MAPK/ERK pathway. The MAPK protein is an enzyme, a protein kinase that can attach phosphate to target proteins such as the transcription factor MYC and, thus, alter gene transcription and, ultimately, cell cycle progression.

  3. List of signalling pathways - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_signalling_pathways

    In cell biology, there are a multitude of signalling pathways. Cell signalling is part of the molecular biology system that controls and coordinates the actions of cells.. Akt/PKB signalling pathway

  4. Upstream and downstream (transduction) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upstream_and_downstream...

    There are three kinds of contextual factors that determine the shape the TGF-β response: the signal transduction components, the transcriptional cofactors and the epigenetic state of the cell. The different ligands and receptors of TGF-β are significant as well in the composition signal transduction pathway. [2]

  5. Signal transduction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_transduction

    Signal transduction is the process by which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a cell as a series of molecular events. Proteins responsible for detecting stimuli are generally termed receptors , although in some cases the term sensor is used. [ 1 ]

  6. Protein phosphatase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_phosphatase

    The addition of a phosphate group may activate or de-activate an enzyme (e.g., kinase signalling pathways [11]) or enable a protein-protein interaction to occur (e.g., SH2 domains [12]); therefore phosphatases are integral to many signal transduction pathways. Phosphate addition and removal do not necessarily correspond to enzyme activation or ...

  7. Phosphorylation cascade - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorylation_cascade

    This can be seen in signal transduction of hormone messages. A signaling pathway begins at the cell surface where a hormone or protein binds to a receptor at the extracellular matrix. The interactions between the molecule and receptor cause a conformational change at the receptor, which activates multiple enzymes or proteins.

  8. Biochemical cascade - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemical_cascade

    The KEGG PATHWAY database is a collection of manually drawn pathway maps for metabolism, genetic information processing, environmental information processing such as signal transduction, ligand–receptor interaction and cell communication, various other cellular processes and human diseases, all based on extensive survey of published literature.

  9. Receptor tyrosine kinase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receptor_tyrosine_kinase

    These adaptor proteins link RTK activation to downstream signal transduction pathways, such as the MAP kinase signalling cascade. [2] An example of a vital signal transduction pathway involves the tyrosine kinase receptor, c-met, which is required for the survival and proliferation of migrating myoblasts during myogenesis. A lack of c-met ...