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Reactions in which proton–antiproton annihilation produces as many as 9 mesons have been observed, while production of 13 mesons is theoretically possible. The generated mesons leave the site of the annihilation at moderate fractions of the speed of light and decay with whatever lifetime is appropriate for their type of meson. [4]
The reaction of 1 kg of antimatter with 1 kg of matter would produce 1.8 × 10 17 J (180 petajoules) of energy (by the mass–energy equivalence formula, E=mc 2), or the rough equivalent of 43 megatons of TNT – slightly less than the yield of the 27,000 kg Tsar Bomba, the largest thermonuclear weapon ever detonated.
The fictional properties of the material in the authors' guide Star Trek: The Next Generation Technical Manual (1991) explain it as uniquely suited to contain and regulate the annihilation reaction of matter and antimatter in a starship's warp core: In a high-frequency electromagnetic field, eddy currents are induced in the dilithium crystal structure, which keep charged particles away from ...
"On Earth, most antimatter that occurs naturally is produced from cosmic rays - energetic particles from space - that collide with atoms in the air and create antimatter-matter pairs," said ...
This measurement represents the first time that a property of antimatter is known more precisely than the equivalent property in matter. In January 2022, by comparing the charge-to-mass ratios between antiproton and negatively charged hydrogen ion, the BASE experiment has determined the antiproton's charge-to-mass ratio is identical to the ...
The antihydrogen atoms were produced in flight and moved at nearly the speed of light. [2] They made unique electrical signals in detectors that destroyed them almost immediately after they formed by matter–antimatter annihilation. [3] Eleven signals were observed, of which two were attributed to other processes. [1]
A magnetic coil captures the exhaust products of this reaction, expelling them with an exhaust velocity of 12-20% the speed of light (35,000-60,000 km/s). As the spacecraft approaches 20% the speed of light, more antimatter is fed into the engines until it switches over to pure matter-antimatter annihilation. [2]
This imbalance has to be exceptionally small, on the order of 1 in every 1 630 000 000 (≈ 2 × 10 9) particles a small fraction of a second after the Big Bang. [4] After most of the matter and antimatter was annihilated, what remained was all the baryonic matter in the current universe, along with a much greater number of bosons.