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A flue gas stack at GRES-2 Power Station in Ekibastuz, Kazakhstan, the tallest of its kind in the world (420 meters or 1,380 feet) [1]. A flue-gas stack, also known as a smoke stack, chimney stack or simply as a stack, is a type of chimney, a vertical pipe, channel or similar structure through which flue gases are exhausted to the outside air.
Reference [10] explains how the NPL affects the stack effect in high-rise buildings. For flue gas stacks and chimneys, where air is on the outside and combustion flue gases are on the inside, the equations will only provide an approximation and h is the height of the flue gas stack or chimney.
Emissions or release parameters such as source location and height, type of source (i.e., fire, pool or vent stack) and exit velocity, exit temperature and mass flow rate or release rate. Terrain elevations at the source location and at the receptor location(s), such as nearby homes, schools, businesses and hospitals.
A local exhaust system is composed of five basic parts: A hood that captures the contaminant at its source; Ducts for transporting the air; An air-cleaning device that removes/minimizes the contaminant; A fan that moves the air through the system; An exhaust stack through which the contaminated air is discharged [35]
For example, such a regulation might limit the concentration of NOx to 55 ppmv in a dry combustion exhaust gas corrected to 3 volume percent O 2. As another example, a regulation might limit the concentration of particulate matter to 0.1 grain per standard cubic foot (i.e., scf) of dry exhaust gas corrected to 12 volume percent CO 2.
Gaussian plume models can be used in several fluid dynamics scenarios to calculate concentration distribution of solutes, such as a smoke stack release or contaminant released in a river. Gaussian distributions are established by Fickian diffusion , and follow a Gaussian (bell-shaped) distribution. [ 14 ]
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= fraction of the emitted exhaust gas, by volume, which is water vapor As an example, a wet basis concentration of 40 ppmv in a gas having 10 volume percent water vapor would have a: C dry basis = 40 ÷ ( 1 - 0.10 ) = 44.4 ppmv.