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Double-stranded RNA viruses (dsRNA viruses) are a polyphyletic group of viruses that have double-stranded genomes made of ribonucleic acid.The double-stranded genome is used as a template by the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) to transcribe a positive-strand RNA functioning as messenger RNA (mRNA) for the host cell's ribosomes, which translate it into viral proteins.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ... 2 is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA ... 2.39 and 3.44. [21] This means each infection ...
Positive-strand RNA virus genomes usually contain relatively few genes, usually between three and ten, including an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. [4] Coronaviruses have the largest known RNA genomes, between 27 and 32 kilobases in length, and likely possess replication proofreading mechanisms in the form of an exoribonuclease within nonstructural protein nsp14.
[3] [4] They are enveloped viruses with a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome and a nucleocapsid of helical symmetry. [5] The genome size of coronaviruses ranges from approximately 26 to 32 kilobases , one of the largest among RNA viruses. [ 6 ]
[2] They form the genetic material of some viruses (double-stranded RNA viruses). dsRNA, such as viral RNA or siRNA, can trigger RNA interference in eukaryotes, as well as interferon response in vertebrates. [3] [4] [5] In eukaryotes, dsRNA plays a role in the activation of the innate immune system against viral infections. [1]
[1] [2] [3] It is translated from a 5' capped RNA by cap-dependent translation. [1] Nidoviruses have a complex system of discontinuous subgenomic RNA production to enable expression of genes in their relatively large RNA genomes (typically 27-32 kb for coronaviruses [ 1 ] ), but ORF1ab is translated directly from the genomic RNA. [ 5 ]
The SARS-related coronavirus is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Its genome is about 30 kb , which is one of the largest among RNA viruses. The virus has 14 open reading frames which overlap in some cases. [ 19 ]
Variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 are viruses that, while similar to the original, have genetic changes that are of enough significance to lead virologists to label them separately. SARS-CoV-2 is the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).