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One measure of desiccant efficiency is the ratio (or percentage) of water storable in the desiccant relative to the mass of desiccant. Another measure is the residual relative humidity of the air or other fluid being dried. For drying gases, a desiccant's performance can be precisely described by the dew point of the dried product. [1]
Gravimetric analysis describes a set of methods used in analytical chemistry for the quantitative determination of an analyte (the ion being analyzed) based on its mass. The principle of this type of analysis is that once an ion's mass has been determined as a unique compound, that known measurement can then be used to determine the same analyte's mass in a mixture, as long as the relative ...
Desiccation is widely employed in the oil and gas industry. These materials are obtained in a hydrated state, but the water content leads to corrosion or is incompatible with downstream processing. Removal of water is achieved by cryogenic condensation, absorption into glycols, and absorption onto desiccants such as silica gel. [1]
Another important use is as a desiccant. They are often utilized in the petrochemical industry for drying gas streams. For example, in the liquid natural gas (LNG) industry, the water content of the gas needs to be reduced to less than 1 ppmv to prevent blockages caused by ice or methane clathrate.
Moisture analysis covers a variety of methods for measuring the moisture content in solids, liquids, or gases.For example, moisture (usually measured as a percentage) is a common specification in commercial food production. [1]
List of desiccants: [1] Activated alumina; Aerogel; Benzophenone (as anion) Bentonite clay; Calcium chloride; Calcium hydride; Calcium oxide; Calcium sulfate (Drierite) Cobalt(II) chloride; Copper(II) sulfate; Lithium chloride; Lithium bromide; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate; Magnesium sulfate; Magnesium perchlorate; Molecular sieve; Phosphorus ...
If the composition or quality of the material changes, then its sorption behaviour also changes. Because of the complexity of sorption process the isotherms cannot be determined explicitly by calculation, but must be recorded experimentally for each product. [1] The relationship between water content and water activity (a w) is complex.
The Sherwood number (Sh) (also called the mass transfer Nusselt number) is a dimensionless number used in mass-transfer operation. It represents the ratio of the total mass transfer rate (convection + diffusion) to the rate of diffusive mass transport, [1] and is named in honor of Thomas Kilgore Sherwood.