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Updated (2023) Modified Duke Criteria for Infective Endocarditis: Infective endocarditis (IE) is a life-threatening condition and the Duke criteria (established in 1994 and revised in 2000) has been fundamental for the diagnosis of the disease. However, the landscape of micro-biology, diagnostics, epidemiology, and treatment for lE has evolved ...
[3] [8] Populations at high risk of infective endocarditis include patients with previous infective endocarditis, patients with surgical or transcatheter prosthetic valves or post-cardiac valve repair, and patients with untreated CHD and surgically corrected congenital heart disease. [9] [10]
Aortic regurgitation (AR), also known as aortic insufficiency (AI), is the leaking of the aortic valve of the heart that causes blood to flow in the reverse direction during ventricular diastole, from the aorta into the left ventricle. As a consequence, the cardiac muscle is forced to work harder than normal.
Infective endocarditis is a severe condition which occurs on native as well as on artificial valves. Both mechanical prosthetic devices and tissue heart valves are affected. The incidence of endocarditis, in western countries, ranges from 1.5 to 6.2 cases per 100,000 people per annum.
If the person had aortic regurgitation, meaning blood’s going from the higher pressure aorta to the lower pressure ventricle, then vegetations would tend to be located on the lower pressure ventricular surface of the valve. Infective endocarditis used to be classified into groups like acute and subacute based on how quickly the infection ...
Common causes of aortic regurgitation include vasodilation of the aorta, previous rheumatic fever, infection such as infective endocarditis, degeneration of the aortic valve, and Marfan's syndrome. Aortic stenosis can also be caused by rheumatic fever and degenerative calcification . [ 7 ]
Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE) is a form of endocarditis in which small sterile vegetations are deposited on the valve leaflets. Formerly known as marantic endocarditis , which comes from the Greek marantikos , meaning "wasting away". [ 1 ]
Endocarditis of the valves can lead to regurgitation through that valve, which is seen in the tricuspid, mitral, and aortic valves. [16] Certain medications have been associated with valvular heart disease, most prominently ergotamine derivatives pergolide and cabergoline .