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The mineral olivine (/ ˈ ɒ l. ɪ ˌ v iː n /) is a magnesium iron silicate with the chemical formula (Mg,Fe) 2 Si O 4.It is a type of nesosilicate or orthosilicate.The primary component of the Earth's upper mantle, [9] it is a common mineral in Earth's subsurface, but weathers quickly on the surface.
Peridot olivine is the birthstone for the month of August. [17] Peridot has often been mistaken for emerald beryl and other green gems. [18] Noted gemologist G.F. Kunz discussed the confusion between beryl and peridot in many church treasures, most notably the "Three Magi treasure" in the Dom of Cologne, Germany. [19] [1]
The word peridotite comes from the gemstone peridot, which consists of pale green olivine. [1] Classic peridotite is bright green with some specks of black, although most hand samples tend to be darker green. Peridotitic outcrops typically range from earthy bright yellow to dark green; this is because olivine is easily weathered to iddingsite ...
Locally, beads of turquoise and lazurite are found. Göbekli Tepe, Anatolia, dating back to the 10th–8th millennium BC. Note: nephrite is a microcristalline variety of tremolite (ferro-actinolite–tremolite solid solution series); white nephrite is almost pure tremolite and iron gives nephrite its green colour.
They are used as a source of magnesium and asbestos, and as decorative stone. [5] The name comes from the greenish color and smooth or scaly appearance from the Latin serpentinus, meaning "snake-like". Serpentine subgroup is a set of common rock-forming hydrous magnesium iron phyllosilicate ((Mg,Fe) 3 Si 2 O 5
The distinctive characteristic of olivine lamproites is phlogopite macrocrysts and microphenocrysts, together with groundmass micas that vary in composition from phlogopite to "tetraferriphlogopite" (anomalously Al-poor phlogopite requiring Fe to enter the tetrahedral site). Resorbed olivine macrocrysts and euhedral primary crystals of ...