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Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), also called prostate enlargement, is a noncancerous increase in size of the prostate gland. [1] Symptoms may include frequent urination , trouble starting to urinate, weak stream, inability to urinate , or loss of bladder control . [ 1 ]
Prostatic artery embolization (PAE, or prostate artery embolisation) is a non-surgical technique for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). [1]The procedure involves blocking the blood flow of small branches of the prostatic arteries using microparticles injected via a small catheter, [2] to decrease the size of the prostate gland to reduce lower urinary tract symptoms.
The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) is an eight-question written screening tool used to screen for, rapidly diagnose, track the symptoms of, and suggest management of the lower urinary tract symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
Around one third of men will develop urinary tract (outflow) symptoms, of which the principal underlying cause is benign prostatic hyperplasia. [ 26 ] Once symptoms arise, their progress is variable and unpredictable with about one third of patients improving, one third remaining stable and one third deteriorating.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia: Men with benign prostatic hyperplasia are at an increased risk of acute urinary retention. [6] Surgery related: Operative times longer than 2 hours may lead to an increased risk of postoperative urinary retention 3-fold. [6] Postoperative pain. [6]
Diagnosis involves ruling out other potential causes of the symptoms such as bacterial prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, overactive bladder, and cancer. [2] [5] Recommended treatments include multimodal therapy, physiotherapy, and a trial of alpha blocker medication or antibiotics in certain newly diagnosed cases. [6]
The first effective treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) was a non-selective alpha blocker phenoxybenzamine which was irreversible. Dibenzyline was the first brand name marketed. Today phenoxybenzamine is not the first choice due to many side effects like lowering blood pressure. [2]
From this needle water vapor is circumferentially delivered via 12 holes at the needle’s tip. Depending on the size of the prostate an adequate number of injections is delivered to the two side lobes and to the middle lobe of the prostate. Each injection lasts 9 seconds and the space between adjacent injections is about 10 mm. [citation needed]