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Pauling's discoveries led to decisive contributions in a diverse array of areas including around 350 publications in the fields of quantum mechanics, inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, protein structure, molecular biology, and medicine.
One of Pauling's examples is olivine, M 2 SiO 4, where M is a mixture of Mg 2+ at some sites and Fe 2+ at others. The structure contains distinct SiO 4 tetrahedra which do not share any oxygens (at corners, edges or faces) with each other. The lower-valence Mg 2+ and Fe 2+ cations are surrounded by polyhedra which do share oxygens.
Pauling calculated the charge build up on the silicon atom due to the difference in electronegativity to be +2. The electroneutrality principle led Pauling to the conclusion that charge transfer from O to Si must occur using d orbitals forming a π-bond and he calculated that this π-bonding accounted for the shortening of the Si-O bond.
The field of quantum chemistry was pioneered by physicists Walter Heitler and Fritz London, who published a study of the covalent bond of the hydrogen molecule in 1927. Quantum chemistry was subsequently developed by a large number of workers, including the American theoretical chemist Linus Pauling at Caltech , and John C. Slater into various ...
Two others have won Nobel Prizes twice, one in chemistry and one in another subject: Maria Skłodowska-Curie (physics in 1903, chemistry in 1911) and Linus Pauling (chemistry in 1954, peace in 1962). [6] As of 2023, the prize has been awarded to 192 individuals, including eight women (Maria Skłodowska-Curie being the first to be awarded in ...
In 1935, Linus Pauling used the ice rules to calculate the residual entropy (zero temperature entropy) of ice I h. [3] For this (and other) reasons the rules are sometimes mis-attributed and referred to as "Pauling's ice rules" (not to be confused with Pauling's rules for ionic crystals). A nice figure of the resulting structure can be found in ...
Linus Pauling was a prominent physical chemist at the California Institute of Technology (a main focal point of Warren Weaver's efforts to promote what he called "molecular biology" through Rockefeller Foundation grants). In the mid-1930s, Pauling turned his attention to the physical and chemical nature of hemoglobin.
A collection of digitized materials related to Sommerfeld's and Linus Pauling's structural chemistry research. Arnold Sommerfeld and Condensed Matter Physics, Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics Vol. 8:31–49 Archived 15 June 2022 at the Wayback Machine