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Sepsis is caused by many organisms including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. [10] Common locations for the primary infection include the lungs, brain, urinary tract, skin, and abdominal organs. [2] Risk factors include being very young or old, a weakened immune system from conditions such as cancer or diabetes, major trauma, and burns. [1]
Septic shock is a result of a systemic response to infection or multiple infectious causes. The precipitating infections that may lead to septic shock if severe enough include but are not limited to appendicitis, pneumonia, bacteremia, diverticulitis, pyelonephritis, meningitis, pancreatitis, necrotizing fasciitis, MRSA and mesenteric ischemia.
Sterile abdominal surgery, under normal circumstances, causes localised or minimal generalised peritonitis, which may leave behind a foreign body reaction or fibrotic adhesions. However, peritonitis may also be caused by the rare case of a sterile foreign body inadvertently left in the abdomen after surgery (e.g., gauze, sponge).
Signs and symptoms include a high fever, pelvic mass, vaginal bleeding or discharge, and lower abdominal pain. [1] It can lead to sepsis and death. [1] Blood tests typically show a raised white cell count. [1] Other tests generally include urine pregnancy test, blood and exudate culture, and vaginal wet mount. [1]
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection that affects a part of the urinary tract. [1] Lower urinary tract infections may involve the bladder ( cystitis ) or urethra ( urethritis ) while upper urinary tract infections affect the kidney ( pyelonephritis ). [ 10 ]
Intra-abdominal infection (IAI, also spelled intraabdominal) is a group of infections that occur within the abdominal cavity. They vary from appendicitis to fecal peritonitis . [ 1 ] Risk of death despite treatment is often high.
Abdominal pain, also known as a stomach ache, is a symptom associated with both non-serious and serious medical issues. Since the abdomen contains most of the body's vital organs, it can be an indicator of a wide variety of diseases.
Physical examination findings typically include jaundice and right upper quadrant tenderness. [1] Charcot's triad is a set of three common findings in cholangitis: abdominal pain, jaundice, and fever. [4] This was assumed in the past to be present in 50–70% of cases, although more recently the frequency has been reported as 15–20%. [1]