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Trajectory and pattern of US 3-inch (76 mm) Shrapnel shell of WWI era. The other factor was the trajectory. The shrapnel bullets were typically lethal for about 300 yards (270 m) from normal field guns after bursting and over 400 yards (370 m) from heavy field guns.
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76 mm artillery includes 3 Inch and Russian 30 line calibre weapons, which are actually 76.2 mm. They were typically called 12-pounders or 13-pounders by the British based on the weight of the shell. They were typically called 12-pounders or 13-pounders by the British based on the weight of the shell.
Shrapnel shells are an anti-personnel munition which delivered large numbers of bullets at ranges far greater than rifles or machine guns could attain – up to 6,500 yards by 1914. A typical shrapnel shell as used in World War I was streamlined, 75 mm (3 in) in diameter and contained approximately 300 lead–antimony balls (bullets), each ...
The 3-inch rifle could hurl a shell 4,180 yd (3,822 m) at 16° elevation. [14] Unlike a smoothbore cannon, the 3-inch rifle's projectile retained two-thirds of its muzzle velocity at 1,500 yd (1,372 m) – or 839 ft/s (256 m/s) – so that its rifled projectile was invisible in flight.
In 1853 these were combined into a single fuze with dual channels, 2 inches long for howitzers and common shell, 1 inch for shrapnel. [5] The holes were sealed with clay, with could be spiked through before loading to select the necesary time delay. There were white and black painted groups of holes for odd and even tenths.
The gun fired 3 inches (76 mm) steel, shrapnel, or explosive shells that weighed 15 pounds (6.8 kg). [2] The use of nickel steel construction meant that the M1902 could fire a heavier shell at a higher muzzle velocity and greater accuracy (due to tighter rifling) than any other field gun of American origin to that point. [3]
However, its HE content was less than 2/3 that of the various 60 lb shells and it was some 3-inches shorter. [13] Shrapnel was also varied with bullet weights ranging from 35 to 41 bullets/pound and total loads varying from 616 (Mk ID) to 992 (Mk I) bullets. [13] Chemical shells were used with 60 pounder but not smoke or incendiary.