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The reflected ultrasound is received by the probe, transformed into an electric impulse as voltage, and sent to the engine for signal processing and conversion to an image on the screen. The depth reached by the ultrasound beam is dependent on the frequency of the probe used. The higher the frequency, the lesser the depth reached. [9]
A lower limbs venous ultrasonography may refer to: Ultrasonography of chronic insufficiency of the legs; Ultrasonography of deep venous thrombosis
Doppler ultrasound is preferable rather than venography to access the competence of the veins. Local sepsis of the lower limbs is contraindicated for this procedure. Low osmolar contrast agent with concentration of 240 mg/ml is preferable in this study. Before the procedure, oedematous leg, if any, should be elevated overnight to reduce the oedema.
Unlike arterial ultrasonography, venous ultrasonography is carried out with the probe in a transversal position, (perpendicular to the vein axis), displaying cross-sections of the veins. [4] All collateral veins are better detected this way, including perforator veins , but of most importance is the detection of venous thrombosis .
Because of its similarities to deep vein thrombosis (DVT), May–Thurner syndrome is rarely diagnosed amongst the general population. In this condition, the right iliac artery sequesters and compresses the left common iliac vein against the lumbar section of the spine, [5] resulting in swelling of the legs and ankles, pain, tingling, and/or numbness in the legs and feet. [6]
Perforator veins exist along the length of the lower limb, in greater number in the leg (anatomical ref to below knee) than in the thigh. Some veins are named after the physician who first described them: Dodd's perforator at the inferior 1/3 of the thigh; Boyd's perforator at the knee level
Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a medical condition characterized by blood pooling in the veins, leading to increased pressure and strain on the vein walls. [1] The most common cause of CVI is superficial venous reflux, which often results in the formation of varicose veins, a treatable condition. [2]
The femoral vein is often used to place a central venous catheter, or line for venous access. Ultrasound imaging for locating the vein and catheter placement is advocated over the use of anatomical landmarks due to the possible presence of anatomical variants. [23] [24] [25] This is associated with a significant risk of infection. [25] [26]