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According to a study published in 1996: Ultradian mood states in bipolar disorder cycle much faster than rapid cycling; the latter is defined as four or more mood episodes in one year, sometimes occurring within a few weeks. Ultradian mood cycling is characterized by cycles shorter than 24 hours. [6]
Bipolar disorder is difficult to diagnose. [2] If a person displays some symptoms of bipolar disorder but not others, the clinician may diagnose bipolar NOS. The diagnosis of bipolar NOS is indicated when there is a rapid change (days) between manic and depressive symptoms and can also include recurring episodes of hypomania. Bipolar NOS may be ...
Ultra rapid" and "ultradian" have been applied to faster-cycling types of bipolar disorder. [119] People with the rapid cycling or faster-cycling subtypes of bipolar disorder tend to be more difficult to treat and less responsive to medications than other people with bipolar disorder.
Bipolar disorder can also involve depressive episodes, which have the same symptoms that people with major depressive disorder experience. Symptoms of a depressive episode can include:
The duration of bipolar mood swings also varies. They may last a few hours – ultrarapid – or extend over days – ultradian: clinicians maintain that only when four continuous days of hypomania, or seven days of mania, occur, is a diagnosis of bipolar disorder justified. [25]
Empirically, it is an ultradian rhythm of approximately 90 minutes (80–120 minutes [2]) characterized by different levels of excitement and rest. The cycle is mediated by the human biological clock.