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Mepacrine, also called quinacrine or by the trade names Atabrine or Atebrin, is a medication with several uses. It is related to chloroquine and mefloquine . Although available from compounding pharmacies , as of August 2020 approved formulations are not available in the United States.
Neuropsychiatric quinism is a chronic encephalopathy due to intoxication by mefloquine, quinacrine, chloroquine. It is associated with brain dysfunction and brainstem dysfunction. It may be confused as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI).
Quinine was frequently prescribed as an off-label treatment for leg cramps at night, but this has become less common since 2010 due to a warning from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that such practice is associated with life-threatening side effects. [19] [20] [21] Quinine can also act as a competitive inhibitor of monoamine oxidase ...
The effects of cinchona bark (the botanical source from which quinidine is extracted) had been commented on long before the understanding of cardiac physiology arose. Jean-Baptiste de Sénac, in his 1749 work on the anatomy, function, and diseases of the heart, had this to say: "Long and rebellious palpitations have ceded to this febrifuge". [20]
Common side effects with long-term use include bone loss, weakness, yeast infections, and easy bruising. [6] While short-term use in the later part of pregnancy is safe, long-term use or use in early pregnancy is occasionally associated with harm to the baby. [1] It is a glucocorticoid made from hydrocortisone . [10]
Regarding non-cardiac side effects, they can cause nausea, headache, fatigue, dry mouth, and dry eyes. [4] In rare cases, confusion , memory loss , and sexual dysfunction are reported. [ 12 ] Additionally, beta 1 blockers can mask hypoglycaemia-induced tachycardia in diabetic patients, potentially leading to hypoglycaemic unawareness and ...
Due to the risk of rare but serious side effects, it is not generally recommended to prevent malaria. [2] Though, the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2013 recommended use for seasonal preventive in children at high risk in combination with sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine. [4] Amodiaquine is a 4-aminoquinoline compound related to chloroquine. [2]
A 1964 report described the use of clioquinol in both the treatment and prevention of shigella infection and Entamoeba histolytica infection in institutionalized individuals at Sonoma State Hospital in California. The report indicates 4000 individuals were treated over a 4-year period with few side effects.