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In software engineering, containerization is operating-system–level virtualization or application-level virtualization over multiple network resources so that software applications can run in isolated user spaces called containers in any cloud or non-cloud environment, regardless of type or vendor. [1]
Singularity is a free and open-source computer program that performs operating-system-level virtualization also known as containerization. [4]One of the main uses of Singularity is to bring containers and reproducibility to scientific computing and the high-performance computing (HPC) world.
Docker is a set of platform as a service (PaaS) products that use OS-level virtualization to deliver software in packages called containers. [5] The service has both free and premium tiers. The software that hosts the containers is called Docker Engine. [6] It was first released in 2013 and is developed by Docker, Inc. [7]
Mirantis Inc. is a Campbell, California, based B2B open source cloud computing software and services company. Its primary container and cloud management products, part of the Mirantis Cloud Native Platform suite of products, [1] are Mirantis Container Cloud and Mirantis Kubernetes Engine (formerly Docker Enterprise). [2]
OpenShift is a family of containerization software products developed by Red Hat.Its flagship product is the OpenShift Container Platform — a hybrid cloud platform as a service built around Linux containers orchestrated and managed by Kubernetes on a foundation of Red Hat Enterprise Linux.
Containers emerged as a way to make software portable. The container contains all the packages needed to run a service. The provided file system makes containers extremely portable and easy to use in development. A container can be moved from development to test or production with no or relatively few configuration changes.
In 2017, CNCF also helped the Linux Foundation launch a free Kubernetes course on the EdX platform [104] — which has more than 88,000 enrollments. [105] The self-paced course covers the system architecture, the problems Kubernetes solves, and the model it uses to handle containerized deployments and scaling.
Rancher Labs is an open source software company based in Cupertino, California.The company helps manage Kubernetes at scale. Rancher Labs was founded in 2014 and, according to the company, its flagship product is used by more than 30,000 active teams.