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Microvascular angina (MVA), previously known as cardiac syndrome X, [1] also known as coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) or microvascular coronary disease is a type of angina (chest pain) with signs associated with decreased blood flow to heart tissue but with normal coronary arteries. [2] [3]
Microangiopathy (also known as microvascular disease, small vessel disease (SVD) or microvascular dysfunction) is a disease of the microvessels, small blood vessels in the microcirculation. [1] It can be contrasted to macroangiopathies such as atherosclerosis , where large and medium-sized arteries (e.g., aorta , carotid and coronary arteries ...
Cardiovascular MRI is complementary to other imaging techniques, such as echocardiography, cardiac CT, and nuclear medicine. The technique has a key role in evidence-based diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease. [4]
Microvascular occlusions can be caused by heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, cryoglobulinemia, angioinvasive organisms, embolization, disseminated intravascular coagulation, livedoid vasculopathy, cell occlusion syndromes, and iatrogenic causes. [3]
It is primarily seen during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the setting of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), but has also been observed in other organs, including the brain and kidneys. [1] Coronary no-reflow phenomenon is specifically related to reduced antegrade coronary blood flow despite proximal coronary artery patency.
A physician may recommend cardiac imaging to support a diagnosis of a heart condition. Medical specialty professional organizations discourage the use of routine cardiac imaging during pre-operative assessment for patients about to undergo low or mid-risk non-cardiac surgery because the procedure carries risks and is unlikely to result in the change of a patient's management. [1]
Information card published by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute urging people with symptoms of angina to call the emergency medical services.. Because of the relationship between the duration of myocardial ischemia and the extent of damage to heart muscle, public health services encourage people experiencing possible acute coronary syndrome symptoms or those around them to ...
Major complications in cerebral angiography such as in digital subtraction angiography or contrast MRI are also rare but include stroke, an allergic reaction to the anaesthetic other medication or the contrast medium, blockage or damage to one of the access veins in the leg, pseudoaneurysm at the puncture site; or thrombosis and embolism formation.