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A volcanic crater is an approximately circular depression in the ground caused by volcanic activity. [1] It is typically a bowl-shaped feature containing one or more vents. During volcanic eruptions , molten magma and volcanic gases rise from an underground magma chamber , through a conduit, until they reach the crater's vent, from where the ...
There have also been examples of interaction between magma and water in an aquifer. Many of the cinder cones on Tenerife are considered to be phreatomagmatic because of these circumstances. [citation needed] The other competing theory is based on fuel-coolant reactions, which have been modeled for nuclear reactors.
HiRISE image showing smooth mantle covering parts of a crater in the Phaethontis quadrangle. Along the outer rim of the crater, the mantle is displayed as layers. This suggests that the mantle was deposited multiple times in the past. Picture was taken with HiRISE under HiWish program. The layers are enlarged in the next image.
The depth of an impact crater in a solid planet or moon may be measured from the local surface to the bottom of the crater, or from the rim of the crater to the bottom. Crater depth diagram. The diagram above shows the full (side) view of a typical crater. Depth "A" measures from the surface to the bottom of the crater.
Decorah crater: Iowa: 5.6 470 million 2 (probable) [4] [5] Gatun structure ... Toggle the table of contents. List of impact structures in North America.
Mount Mazama, which erupted catastrophically in 5670 BCE to form Crater Lake. Mount Meager massif erupted about 2350 BP, sending an ash column 20 km (12 mi) high into the stratosphere. Mount Edziza volcanic complex, Canada's second largest eruptive center, erupted about 1340 BP. Medicine Lake Volcano erupted about 1000 BP.
A central-peak crater is the most basic form of complex crater. A central-peak crater can have a tightly spaced, ring-like arrangement of peaks, thus be a peak ring crater, though the peak is often single. [3] Central-peak craters can occur in impact craters via meteorites. An Earthly example is Mistastin crater, in Canada. [1]
The Chicxulub crater is an impact crater buried underneath the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico. [10] Its center is located near the town of Chicxulub, after which the crater is named. [11] It was formed by a large asteroid or comet about 10–15 km (6.2–9.3 mi) in diameter, [12] [13] the Chicxulub impactor, striking the Earth. The date of the ...