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Pseudoepitheliomatous keratotic and micaceous balanitis, (PKMB) is a cutaneous condition characterized by skin lesions on the glans penis that are wart-like with scaling. [1]: 657 It can present as a cutaneous horn. [2] PKMB is usually asymptomatic, with occasional irritation, burning sensation, fissuring, or maceration.
[8] [9] [10] Zoon's balanitis has been successfully treated with the carbon dioxide laser; [11] and more recently, Albertini and colleagues report the avoidance of circumcision and successful treatment of Zoon's balanitis with an Er:YAG laser. [12] Another study, by Retamar and colleagues, found that 40 percent of those treated with CO 2 laser ...
The same person as above shows no signs of balanitis circinata during a treatment with pimecrolimus. Balanitis circinata is one out of multiple manifestations of the reactive arthritis. [citation needed] Right now, topical corticosteroid therapy is the most commonly used treatment, and topical calcineurin inhibitors have also been used ...
Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease, of unknown cause, which can affect any body part of any person, but has a strong preference for the genitals (penis, vulva), and is also known as balanitis xerotica obliterans when it affects the penis. Lichen sclerosus is not contagious.
[5] [7] Occasionally, phimosis may be caused by an underlying condition such as scarring due to balanitis or balanitis xerotica obliterans. [5] This can typically be diagnosed by seeing scarring of the opening of the foreskin. [5] Generally, treatment is not considered necessary unless the foreskin still cannot be retracted by the age of 18. [4]
Symptoms of balanitis may appear suddenly or develop gradually. They might include pain, irritation, redness or red patches on the glans penis. Careful identification of the cause with the aid of patient history, physical examination , swabs and cultures, and biopsy are essential in order to determine the proper treatment.
Balanitis plasmacellularis, also known as balanitis circumscripta plasmacellularis, Zoon balanitis, or plasma cell balanitis, is a cutaneous condition characterized by a benign inflammatory skin lesion characterized histologically by a plasma cell infiltrate. [1]: 657 [2] Balanitis plasmacellularis is typically asymptomatic.
Balanitis and penile injury—Inflammation of the foreskin and/or the glans penis (balanitis) is associated with about 3.1 times increased risk of penile cancer. [9] It is usually caused by poor hygiene, allergic reactions to certain soaps, or an underlying health condition such as reactive arthritis, infection, or diabetes. [17]