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Nonzero: The Logic of Human Destiny is a 1999 book by Robert Wright, in which the author argues that biological evolution and cultural evolution are shaped and directed first and foremost by "non-zero-sumness" i.e., the prospect of creating new interactions that are not zero-sum. [1]
Nash proved that every finite n-player, non-zero-sum (not just two-player zero-sum) non-cooperative game has what is now known as a Nash equilibrium in mixed strategies. Game theory experienced a flurry of activity in the 1950s, during which the concepts of the core , the extensive form game , fictitious play , repeated games , and the Shapley ...
Non-zero or nonzero may refer to: Non-zero dispersion-shifted fiber, a type of single-mode optical fiber; Non zero one, artist collective from London, England; Non-zero-sum game, used in game theory and economic theory; Non Zero Sumness, 2002 album by Planet Funk; In mathematics, a non-zero element is any element of an algebraic structure other ...
The non-zero-sum stochastic game has a limiting-average equilibrium payoff if for every > there is a strategy profile such that for every unilateral deviation by a player , the expectation of the limit inferior of the averages of the stage payoffs with respect to the probability on plays defined by is at least , and the expectation of the limit ...
In game theory, the traveler's dilemma (sometimes abbreviated TD) is a non-zero-sum game in which each player proposes a payoff. The lower of the two proposals wins; the lowball player receives the lowball payoff plus a small bonus, and the highball player receives the same lowball payoff, minus a small penalty.
A zero-sum game is also called a strictly competitive game, while non-zero-sum games can be either competitive or non-competitive. Zero-sum games are most often solved with the minimax theorem which is closely related to linear programming duality, [5] or with Nash equilibrium. Prisoner's Dilemma is a classic non-zero-sum game. [6]
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The dollar auction is a non-zero sum sequential game explored by economist Martin Shubik to illustrate how a short-sighted approach to rational choice can lead to decisions that are, in the long-run, irrational. [1]