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Females with this disease are almost exclusively unaffected, obligate carriers. The mutations can be passed on to offspring by mothers and fathers, but the phenotype is only expressed in males that inherit the mutation. [7] All daughters of a hemophiliac father are obligate carriers of the disease.
The following is a list of genetic disorders and if known, type of mutation and for the chromosome involved. Although the parlance "disease-causing gene" is common, it is the occurrence of an abnormality in the parents that causes the impairment to develop within the child. There are over 6,000 known genetic disorders in humans.
The first is that affected fathers cannot pass X-linked recessive traits to their sons because fathers give Y chromosomes to their sons. This means that males affected by an X-linked recessive disorder inherited the responsible X chromosome from their mothers. Second, X-linked recessive traits are more commonly expressed in males than females. [2]
A vertically transmitted infection is an infection caused by pathogenic bacteria or viruses that use mother-to-child transmission, that is, transmission directly from the mother to an embryo, fetus, or baby during pregnancy or childbirth. It can occur when the mother has a pre-existing disease or becomes infected during pregnancy. Nutritional ...
In X-linked dominant inheritance, when the mother alone is the carrier of a mutated, or defective gene associated with a disease or disorder; she herself will have the disorder. Her children will inherit the disorder as follows: Of her daughters and sons: 50% will have the disorder, 50% will be completely unaffected.
The mother is a carrier of the recessive hereditary disposition for Color blindness. The Y chromosome of the father cannot oppose this. The healthy allele on the X chromosome of the father can compensate for this in a daughter. She can see normally, but she becomes a conductor. The same pattern of inheritance applies to Haemophilia.
Pedigrees are used to help detect many different genetic diseases. A pedigree can also be used to help determine the chances for a parent to produce an offspring with a specific trait. Four different traits can be identified by pedigree chart analysis: autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, x-linked, or y-linked.
If the mother is not a carrier, no male children of an affected father will be affected, as males only inherit their father's Y chromosome. [ citation needed ] The incidence of X-linked recessive conditions in females is the square of that in males: for example, if 1 in 20 males in a human population are red–green color blind , then 1 in 400 ...