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The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to public health: . Public health has been defined as "the science and art of preventing disease", prolonging life and improving quality of life through organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations (public and private), communities and individuals.
The 1978 World Health Organization (WHO) declaration at Alma-Ata was the first formal acknowledgment of the importance of intersectoral action for health. [5] The spirit of Alma-Ata was carried forward in the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (adopted in Ottawa in 1986), which discussed "healthy public policies" as a key area for health promotion.
The 10 Essential Public Health Services (EPHS) provide a framework for public health to protect and promote the health of all people in all communities. [3] In recognition of public health's commitment to provide a fair and just opportunity for everyone to achieve optimal health and well-being, the framework now contains an equity statement, centers equity in the graphic, and incorporates ...
Policy for population health "sets priorities" [2] and are a "guide to action to change what would otherwise occur". [2] Policies are based on "social sciences of sociology, economics, demography, public health, anthropology, and epidemiology" [4] and determine how outcomes can be accomplished are implemented at various levels.
Various aspects of public health: From top to bottom: Community health worker in Mali, vaccination example (COVID-19 vaccination in Germany), historical sewer installation photo from the United States, anti-smoking campaign in India. Part of a series on Public health Outline Subfields Community health Dental public health Environmental health Epidemiology Health economics Health education ...
The problem is that in America, like everywhere else, our institutions of public health have become so obsessed with body weight that they have overlooked what is really killing us: our food supply. Diet is the leading cause of death in the United States, responsible for more than five times the fatalities of gun violence and car accidents ...
Common issues that are the subject of public health interventions include obesity, [3] drug, tobacco, and alcohol use, [4] and the spread of infectious disease, e.g. HIV. [ 5 ] A policy may meet the criteria of a public health intervention if it prevents disease on both the individual and community level and has a positive impact on public health .
The role of public health nurse began in Los Angeles in 1898, and by 1924, there were 12,000 public health nurses, half of them in America's 100 largest cities. Their average annual salary of public health nurses in larger cities was $1390. In addition, there were thousands of nurses employed by private agencies handling similar work.