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APA style (also known as APA format) is a writing style and format for academic documents such as scholarly journal articles and books. It is commonly used for citing sources within the field of behavioral and social sciences , including sociology, education, nursing, criminal justice, anthropology, and psychology.
Its main focus is citation style and bibliographic style. The citation style of Citing Medicine is the current incarnation of the Vancouver system , per the References > Style and Format section of the ICMJE Recommendations [ 1 ] (formerly called the Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals). [ 2 ]
The citation style recommended by the ICMJE Recommendations, which is also known as the Vancouver system, is the style used by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), codified in Citing Medicine. References are numbered consecutively in order of appearance in the text – they are identified by Arabic numerals enclosed in parentheses.
"The General Format of APA is most commonly used to cite sources within the social sciences. General guidelines for a paper in APA style includes: typed, double-spaced on standard-sized paper (8.5" x 11") with 1" margins on all sides. The font should be clear and highly readable. APA recommends using 12 pt. Times New Roman font."
For example, bibliographic coupling and co-citation are association measures based on citation analysis (shared citations or shared references). The citations in a collection of documents can also be represented in forms such as a citation graph , as pointed out by Derek J. de Solla Price in his 1965 article "Networks of Scientific Papers". [ 7 ]
Chicago style is more common for writing that is focused in the social sciences. [28] For the more natural sciences, CSE style is used. [29] Some of the less commonly utilized citation styles include MLA and AMA. [28] Two examples of styles commonly seen in scientific journals are the Vancouver System and the Harvard System.
Footnotes (<ref> tags) are used in examples throughout this page. Parenthetical referencing was a different type of referencing used on Wikipedia until September 2020, when a community discussion reached a consensus to deprecate parenthetical referencing. Do not change any article's established citation style without discussing it first.
European Journal of Clinical Investigation: Medicine: John Wiley & Sons: English: 1970–present European Journal of General Practice: Family medicine: Taylor & Francis: English: 1995–present European Journal of Medical Research: Clinical research: BioMed Central: English: 1995–present European Journal of Palliative Care: Palliative Care ...