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A syllogism (Ancient Greek: συλλογισμός, syllogismos, 'conclusion, inference') is a kind of logical argument that applies deductive reasoning to arrive at a conclusion based on two propositions that are asserted or assumed to be true.
In syllogistic logic, there are 256 possible ways to construct categorical syllogisms using the A, E, I, and O statement forms in the square of opposition. Of the 256, only 24 are valid forms. Of the 24 valid forms, 15 are unconditionally valid, and 9 are conditionally valid.
The premise in a syllogism that includes the minor term, which is the subject of the conclusion. minor term The term that appears as the subject in the conclusion of a syllogism. modal actualism The philosophical position that only actual, existing objects are possible, denying the existence of merely possible objects. modal agnosticism
An epicheireme (/ ɛ p i ˈ k aɪ r i m / e-pee-KEYE-reem) [a] is a compound syllogism in which at least one of the premises is stated along with a justification for itself. [1] [2] Epicheirema are abridged polysyllogisms. [3] Like the enthymeme, epicheirema are often used in everyday speech. [citation needed]
The assumption (unstated Claim 2) is that People are mortal). In Aristotelian rhetoric, an enthymeme is known as a "rhetorical syllogism": it mirrors the form of a syllogism, but it is based on opinion rather than fact. Epanalepsis – a figure of speech in which the same word or phrase appears both at the beginning and at the end of a clause.
A syllogism is a kind of logical argument in which one proposition (the conclusion) is inferred from two or more others (the premises) of a specific form. The classical example of a valid syllogism is: All humans are mortal. (major premise) Socrates is human. (minor premise) Therefore, Socrates is mortal. (conclusion) An example of an invalid ...
Syllogistic fallacies – logical fallacies that occur in syllogisms. Affirmative conclusion from a negative premise (illicit negative) – a categorical syllogism has a positive conclusion, but at least one negative premise. [11] Fallacy of exclusive premises – a categorical syllogism that is invalid because both of its premises are negative ...
The first type of enthymeme is a truncated syllogism, or a syllogism with an unstated premise. [6] Here is an example of an enthymeme derived from a syllogism through truncation (shortening) of the syllogism: "Socrates is mortal because he's human." The complete formal syllogism would be the classic: All humans are mortal. (major premise ...