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  2. Antecedent (grammar) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antecedent_(grammar)

    However, their antecedents are present in the discourse context as the speaker and the listener. Pleonastic pro-forms also lack a linguistic antecedent, e.g. It is raining, where the pronoun it is semantically empty and cannot be viewed as referring to anything specific in the discourse world.

  3. List of valid argument forms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_valid_argument_forms

    In syllogistic logic, there are 256 possible ways to construct categorical syllogisms using the A, E, I, and O statement forms in the square of opposition. Of the 256, only 24 are valid forms. Of the 256, only 24 are valid forms.

  4. Affirming the consequent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affirming_the_consequent

    It is not true, however, that a dark room implies the presence of a broken lamp. There may be no lamp (or any light source). The lamp may also be off. In other words, the consequent (a dark room) can have other antecedents (no lamp, off-lamp), and so can still be true even if the stated antecedent is not. [1]

  5. Anaphora (linguistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaphora_(linguistics)

    In linguistics, anaphora (/ ə ˈ n æ f ər ə /) is the use of an expression whose interpretation depends upon another expression in context (its antecedent).In a narrower sense, anaphora is the use of an expression that depends specifically upon an antecedent expression and thus is contrasted with cataphora, which is the use of an expression that depends upon a postcedent expression.

  6. Generic antecedent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generic_antecedent

    If an antecedent is a thing, either specific or generic (such as a snowman), [3] rather than a person, the appropriate pronoun to refer back to it is it, and no difficulty arises. Likewise, if the antecedent is more than one thing, again either specific or generic, the pronoun they is used to refer back to it, and again no difficulty arises.

  7. Antecedent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antecedent

    Antecedent (behavioral psychology), the stimulus that occurs before a trained behavior; Antecedent (genealogy), antonym of descendant, genealogical predecessor in family line; Antecedent (logic), the first half of a hypothetical proposition; Antecedent moisture, in hydrology, the relative wetness condition of a catchment

  8. Antecedent (behavioral psychology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antecedent_(behavioral...

    Each of these antecedents caused a learned behavior that is unfavourable, and this article [15] suggests some interventions to overcome the bad behavior. For example, in order to override antecedent 2, gain the students’ attention and immediately request something (e.g., a high five), before praising them and providing positive reinforcement ...

  9. Modus tollens - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modus_tollens

    In propositional logic, modus tollens (/ ˈ m oʊ d ə s ˈ t ɒ l ɛ n z /) (MT), also known as modus tollendo tollens (Latin for "mode that by denying denies") [2] and denying the consequent, [3] is a deductive argument form and a rule of inference.