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While the most common cause of pulmonary valve stenosis is congenital heart disease, it may also be due to a malignant carcinoid tumor. Both stenosis of the pulmonary artery and pulmonary valve stenosis are forms of pulmonic stenosis (nonvalvular and valvular, respectively) [ 6 ] but pulmonary valve stenosis accounts for 80% of pulmonic stenosis.
Pulmonary artery stenosis (PAS) is a narrowing of the pulmonary artery.The pulmonary artery is a blood vessel moving blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs. . This narrowing can be due to many causes, including infection during pregnancy, a congenital heart defect, a problem with blood clotting in childhood or early adulthood, or a genetic ch
When pulmonic stenosis (PS) is present, resistance to blood flow causes right ventricular hypertrophy. If right ventricular failure develops, right atrial pressure will increase, and this may result in a persistent opening of the foramen ovale, shunting of unoxygenated blood from the right atrium into the left atrium, and systemic cyanosis.
Pulmonary vein stenosis can be congenital or acquired. [6]A rare abnormality that accounts for 0.4% of congenital heart diseases, congenital pulmonary vein stenosis results from the common right or left pulmonary vein failing to integrate into the left atrium (LA) during the vessel's embryonic development, obliterating the pulmonary veins partially or completely on one or both sides.
Causes include any obstruction of blood flow to and from the heart. There are multiple, including pulmonary embolism, cardiac tamponade, and tension pneumothorax. Other causes include abdominal compartment syndrome, Hiatal hernia, severe aortic valve stenosis, and disorders of the aorta. Constrictive pericarditis is a rare cause.
Pulmonary valve diseases are the least common heart valve disease in adults. [1] [4] Pulmonary valve stenosis is often the result of congenital malformations and is observed in isolation or as part of a larger pathologic process, as in Tetralogy of Fallot, Noonan syndrome, and congenital rubella syndrome. Unless the degree of stenosis is severe ...