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Meteorological phenomena are observable weather events that are explained by the science of meteorology. Meteorological phenomena are described and quantified by the variables of Earth's atmosphere: temperature, air pressure, water vapour , mass flow , and the variations and interactions of these variables, and how they change over time.
All meteorological phenomena are consequences of the atmospheric circulation, which manifests as a network of both latitudinal and longitudinal "cells" of convective activity; together with ocean circulation, these cells are the primary means by which thermal energy from the Sun is redistributed across the Earth's surface. atmospheric convection
Weather is the state of the atmosphere, describing for example the degree to which it is hot or cold, wet or dry, calm or stormy, clear or cloudy. [1] On Earth, most weather phenomena occur in the lowest layer of the planet's atmosphere, the troposphere, [2] [3] just below the stratosphere.
Severe weather can occur under a variety of situations, but three characteristics are generally needed: a temperature or moisture boundary, moisture, and (in the event of severe, precipitation-based events) instability in the atmosphere.
Climate – the average and variations of weather in a region over long periods of time. Meteorology – the interdisciplinary scientific study of the atmosphere that focuses on weather processes and forecasting (in contrast with climatology). Weather – the set of all the phenomena in a given atmosphere at a given time.
Severe weather is any dangerous meteorological phenomenon with the potential to cause damage, serious social disruption, or loss of human life. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] These vary depending on the latitude , altitude , topography , and atmospheric conditions.
Mesoscale meteorology broadly concerns meteorological phenomena larger than a few kilometres across but smaller than could be resolved by the observation networks used in the earliest standardized weather maps. [5] The mesoscale regime is often divided into these subclasses based on the size of associated weather systems: [6]
Airport weather warning AWW – Addresses weather phenomena (including but not limited to surface wind gusts around or above 40 knots (46 mph), freezing rain, heavy snow or thunderstorms producing cloud-to-ground lightning within 5 miles [8.0 km] of the airport and/or 1 ⁄ 2-inch [1.3 cm] hail) capable of adversely affecting ground operations ...