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  2. Bottom-up and top-down design - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottom-up_design

    Conversely, psychology defines bottom-up processing as an approach in which there is a progression from the individual elements to the whole. According to Ramskov, one proponent of bottom-up approach, Gibson, claims that it is a process that includes visual perception that needs information available from proximal stimulus produced by the ...

  3. Constructive perception - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructive_perception

    In contrast to this top-down approach, there is the bottom-up approach of direct perception. Perception is more of a hypothesis, and the evidence to support this is that "Perception allows behaviour to be generally appropriate to non-sensed object characteristics," meaning that we react to obvious things that, for example, are like doors even ...

  4. Wishful thinking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wishful_thinking

    Perception is influenced by both top-down and bottom-up processing. In visual processing, bottom-up processing is a rigid route compared to flexible top-down processing. [ 17 ] Within bottom-up processing, the stimuli are recognized by fixation points , proximity and focal areas to build objects, while top-down processing is more context sensitive.

  5. Social comparison theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_comparison_theory

    A self-evaluation maintenance (SEM) model of social behavior focuses on the consequences of another person's outstanding performance on one's own self-evaluation. It sketches out some conditions under which the other's good performance bolsters self-evaluation, i.e., "basking in reflected glory", and conditions under which it threatens self ...

  6. Bottom-up - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottom-up

    Bottom-up integration testing, in software testing; Top-down and bottom-up design, strategies of information processing and knowledge ordering; Bottom-up proteomics, a laboratory technique involving proteins; Bottom Up Records, a record label founded by Shyheim; Bottom-up approach of the Holocaust, a viewpoint on the causes of the Holocaust

  7. Visual processing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_processing

    Bottom-up processing refers to the visual system's ability to use the incoming visual information, flowing in a unidirectional path from the retina to higher cortical areas. Top-down processing refers to the use of prior knowledge and context to process visual information and change the information conveyed by neurons, altering the way they are ...

  8. Let's Get to the Bottom of That Psychology Love Eye Trick ...

    www.aol.com/lifestyle/lets-bottom-psychology...

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  9. Interpretative phenomenological analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpretative...

    Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) is a qualitative form of psychology research. IPA has an idiographic focus, which means that instead of producing generalization findings, it aims to offer insights into how a given person, in a given context, makes sense of a given situation.