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The Society of Jesus (Latin: Societas Iesu; abbreviation: SJ), also known as the Jesuit Order or the Jesuits (/ ˈ dʒ ɛ ʒ u ɪ t s, ˈ dʒ ɛ zj u-/ JEZH-oo-its, JEZ-ew-; [2] Latin: Iesuitae), [3] is a religious order of clerics regular of pontifical right for men in the Catholic Church headquartered in Rome.
There are many churches of the Roman Catholic Jesuit order, many of them patterned after Il Gesu in Rome and dedicated to Saint Ignatius. Nearly all have normal dedications to saints etc. but despite this some are usually known just as the Jesuit Church of the city, including:
Jesuit church, Rijeka. Jesuit college in Zagreb (1607–1773), now Klovićevi Dvori Gallery and St. Catherine's Church; precursor to the Classical Gymnasium in Zagreb. The Neoacademia Zagrabiensis, created within the college (1662–1773), was the precursor to the University of Zagreb; Jesuit church in Rijeka, now Rijeka Cathedral (1638–1773)
The Catholic Church, or Roman Catholic Church, is composed of 24 autonomous sui iuris particular churches: the Latin Church and the 23 Eastern Catholic Churches. It considers itself the one, holy, catholic and apostolic Church that Christ founded, [ 64 ] and which Saint Peter initiated along with the missionary work of Saint Paul and others.
Catholic religious orders began as early as the 500s, with the Order of Saint Benedict being formed in 529. The earliest orders include the Cistercians (1098), the Premonstratensians (1120), the Poor Clares founded by Francis of Assisi (1212), and the Benedictine reform movements of Cluny (1216).
Additionally, while attempting to show a commonality between their Catholic faith and the practices of the Native Americans, held some internal frustrations at the Natives refusal to assimilate to the faith rapidly. A prominent French Jesuit, Father Brebeuf, was one priest who tried to find similarities between the cultures, but ultimately ...
By 1603, according to Jesuit estimates of the time, the Japanese mission had become the largest overseas Christian community that was not under the rule of a European power, counting c. 200,000-300,000 converts, 190 churches, and 122 Jesuits in activity. [17]
In the Catholic Church, authority rests chiefly with bishops, [4] while priests and deacons serve as their assistants, co-workers or helpers. [5] Accordingly, "hierarchy of the Catholic Church" is also used to refer to the bishops alone. [6] The term "pope" was still used loosely until the sixth century, being at times assumed by other bishops. [7]