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Erosional landforms. As the glaciers expand, due to their accumulating weight of snow and ice they crush, abrade, and scour surfaces such as rocks and bedrock.The resulting erosional landforms include striations, cirques, glacial horns, arêtes, trim lines, U-shaped valleys, roches moutonnées, overdeepenings and hanging valleys.
The Horseshoe Falls, one of the three Niagara Falls.The falls are a knickpoint, formed by slower erosion above the falls than below. In geomorphology, a knickpoint or nickpoint is part of a river or channel where there is a sharp change in channel bed slope, such as a waterfall or lake.
Gully – Landform created by running water and/or mass movement eroding sharply into soil; Guyot – Isolated, flat-topped underwater volcano mountain; Hanging valley – A tributary valley that meets the main valley above the valley floor; Headland – Landform extending into a body of water, often with significant height and drop
The water mainly comes from melting, and may also come from rainfall or from run-off from ice-free slopes beside the glacier. [12] The streams have highly variable rates of flow depending on temperature, which in turn depends on the season, time of day and cloud cover. At times of high flow, the streams are under pressure. [11]
A glacier stream is a channelized area that is formed by a glacier in which liquid water accumulates and flows. [1] Glacial streams are also commonly referred to as "glacier stream" or/and "glacial meltwater stream". The movement of the water is influenced and directed by gravity and the melting of ice. [1]
Erosion is the action of surface processes (such as water flow or wind) that removes soil, rock, or dissolved material from one location on the Earth's crust and then transports it to another location where it is deposited. Erosion is distinct from weathering which involves no movement.
The movement of these continental glaciers created many now-familiar glacial landforms. As the glaciers were expanded, due to their accumulating weight of snow and ice, they crushed and redistributed surface rocks, creating erosional landforms such as striations, cirques, and hanging valleys.
The model in its original form is intended to explain relief development in temperate landscapes in which erosion by running water is assumed to be of prime importance. [5] [7] Nevertheless, the cycle of erosion has been extended, with modifications, into arid, semi-arid, savanah, selva, glacial, coastal, karst and periglacial areas.